Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in India

Mishra, Akhilesh C.; Mehta, Minesh; Mourya, Devendra T.; Gandhi, Sudhir

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(11)60680-6

Cited by 57 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 3 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In December 2010 and January 2011, a cluster of viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) cases was identified in Ahmadabad, Gujarat, India, which was declared as a nosocomial outbreak of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever [13]. The initial case identified was a 25 year old nurse (case C) who worked in a hospital in Ahmadabad, and presented on January 13th, 2011 with a three days history of an acute febrile illness characterized by fever, chills, vomiting and headache followed by hemorrhagic symptoms [13].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In January 2011, human cases with hemorrhagic manifestations in the hospital staff were reported from a tertiary care hospital in Ahmadabad, Gujarat. The clinical samples of three hospitalized patients were referred to National Institute of Virology (NIV), Pune and laboratory investigations confirmed as CCHFV [13]. Here, we report detection and isolation of CCHFV associated with that nosocomial outbreak in Gujarat, India, and the presence of the virus in livestock and ticks in this region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Detection, Isolation and Confirmation of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in Human, Ticks and Animals in Ahmadabad, India, 2010–2011

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundIn January 2011, human cases with hemorrhagic manifestations in the hospital staff were reported from a tertiary care hospital in Ahmadabad, India. This paper reports a detailed epidemiological investigation of nosocomial outbreak from the affected area of Ahmadabad, Gujarat, India.Principal FindingsSamples from 3 suspected cases, 83 contacts, Hyalomma ticks and livestock were screened for Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus by qRT-PCR of which samples of two medical professionals (case C and E) and the husband of the index case (case D) were positive for CCHFV. The sensitivity and specificity of indigenous developed IgM ELISA to screen CCHFV specific antibodies in human serum was 75.0% and 97.5% respectively as compared to commercial kit. About 17.0% domestic animals from Kolat, Ahmadabad were positive for IgG antibodies while only two cattle and a goat showed positivity by qRT-PCR. Surprisingly, 43.0% domestic animals (Buffalo, cattle, sheep and goat) showed IgG antibodies in the adjoining village Jivanpara but only one of the buffalo was positive for CCHFV. The Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum ticks were positive in PCR and virus isolation. CCHFV was isolated from the blood sample of case C, E in Vero E-6 cells and Swiss albino mice. In partial nucleocapsid gene phylogeny from CCHFV positive human samples of the years 2010 and 2011, livestock and ticks showed this virus was similar to Tajikistan (strain TAJ/H08966), which belongs in the Asian/middle east genetic lineage IV.ConclusionsThe likely source of CCHFV was identified as virus infected Hyalomma ticks and livestock at the rural village residence of the primary case (case A). In addition, retrospective sample analysis revealed the existence of CCHFV in Gujarat and Rajasthan states before this outbreak. An indigenous developed IgM ELISA kit will be of great use for screening this virus in India.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Detection, Isolation and Confirmation of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in Human, Ticks and Animals in Ahmadabad, India, 2010–2011

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The virus was first isolated from Hyalomma ticks in Pakistan in the 1960s (Begum et al, 1970), and repeated outbreaks and sporadic cases have been seen since that time, especially in persons handling or slaughtering livestock (Jamil et al, 2005). In early 2011, the first cases of CCHF were identified in India, in a nosocomial outbreak in Gujarat state, which adjoins Pakistan (Mishra et al, 2011). A recent serosurvey and sampling of H. anatolicum ticks showed that infection was present in local livestock (Mourya et al, 2012).…”

Section: Cchf In Eastern and Central Asiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: History, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical syndrome and genetic diversity

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bente, Dennis A.; Forrester, Naomi L.; Watts, Douglas M.; McAuley, Alexander J.; Whitehouse, Chris A.; and Bray, Mike, "CrimeanCongo hemorrhagic fever: History, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical syndrome and genetic diversity" (2013 b s t r a c tCrimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is the most important tick-borne viral disease of humans, causing sporadic cases or outbreaks of severe illness across a huge geographic area, from western China to the Middle East and southeastern Europe and throughout most of Africa. CCHFV is maintained in vertical and horizontal transmission cycles involving ixodid ticks and a variety of wild and domestic vertebrates, which do not show signs of illness. The virus circulates in a number of tick genera, but Hyalomma ticks are the principal source of human infection, probably because both immature and adult forms actively seek hosts for the blood meals required at each stage of maturation. CCHF occurs most frequently among agricultural workers following the bite of an infected tick, and to a lesser extent among slaughterhouse workers exposed to the blood and tissues of infected livestock and medical personnel through contact with the body fluids of infected patients. CCHFV is the most genetically diverse of the arboviruses, with nucleotide sequence differences among isolates ranging from 20% for the viral S segment to 31% for the M segment. Viruses with diverse sequences can be found within the same geographic area, while closely related viruses have been isolated in far distant regions, suggesting that widespread dispersion of CCHFV has occurred at times in the past, possibly by ticks carried on migratory birds or through the international livestock trade. Reassortment among genome segments during co-infection of ticks or vertebrates appears to have played an important role in generating diversity, and represents a potential future source of novel viruses. In this article, we first review current knowledge of CCHFV, summarizing its molecular biology, maintenance and transmission, epidemiology and geographic range. We also include an extensive discussion of CCHFV genetic diversity, including maps of the range of the virus with superimposed phylogenetic trees. We then review the features of CCHF, including the clinical syndrome, diagnosis, treatment, pathogenesis, vaccine development and laboratory animal models of CCHF. The paper ends with a discussion of the possible future geographic range of the virus. For the benefit of researchers, we include a Supplementary Table listing all published reports of CCHF cases and outbreaks in the English-language literature, plus some principal articles in other languages, with total case numbers, case fatality rates and all CCHFV strains on GenBank.

show abstract

“…Due to its high pathogenicity and the lack of approved vaccines and specific intervention strategies, CCHFV must be handled under biosafety level 4 (BSL-4) containment. The recent emergence of CCHFV causing either sporadic human infections 7, 8 or epidemics in previously unaffected areas 9, 10 , has raised animal and public health concerns. As a result, great progress has been made in CCHF pathogenesis, diagnostics and epidemiology/ecology, while efforts are underway to design effective vaccines and treatment strategies including antiviral and immunotherapeutic compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in research on Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever

Papa

Mirazimi

Köksal

et al. 2015

Journal of Clinical Virology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is an expanding tick-borne hemorrhagic disease with increasing human and animal health impact. Immense knowledge was gained over the past 10 years mainly due to advances in molecular biology, but also driven by an increased global interest in CCHFV as an emerging/re-emerging zoonotic pathogen. In the present article we discuss the advances in research with focus on CCHF ecology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostics, prophylaxis and treatment. Despite tremendous achievements, future activities have to concentrate on the development of vaccines and antivirals/therapeutics to combat CCHF. Vector studies need to continue for better public and animal health preparedness and response. We conclude with a roadmap for future research priorities.

show abstract

Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in India

Cited by 57 publications

References 3 publications

Detection, Isolation and Confirmation of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in Human, Ticks and Animals in Ahmadabad, India, 2010–2011

Detection, Isolation and Confirmation of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in Human, Ticks and Animals in Ahmadabad, India, 2010–2011

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: History, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical syndrome and genetic diversity

Recent advances in research on Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About