Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever with hepatic impairment and vaginal hemorrhage: a case report

Abstract

BackgroundCrimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever is a tick-borne disease described in more than 30 countries in Europe, Asia, and Africa. Albania is located in the southwestern part of the Balkan Peninsula. In 1986, the first case of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever was registered, and cases of patients with hemorrhagic fever are rising, and most of them present in a serious condition, when the mortality rate is very high. In districts like Mirdite, Lezhe, Gjirokaster, Skrapar, Erseke, and Kukes, there is delineated human-to-human transmission.Case presentationWe report the case of a 32 year-old Albanian woman from a rural area of Albania. She was hospitalized at the Infectious Diseases Service, for a severe influenza-like illness of 4 days duration. Our patient had been bitten by a tick while working in her garden. She presented with nausea, vomiting, headache and muscle pain. A physical examination found a high fever of 40 °C, an enlarged liver, petechia, and vaginal bleeding; flapping tremor and fetor hepaticus were found as a sign for hepatic encephalopathy; and confusion and disorientation were observed in her neurological examination. Her platelet and white blood cell counts were very low, while her aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels were very high. She was transferred to the intensive care unit because of her worsening condition. Serological and C-reactive protein test results for Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever were positive. She was treated with oral ribavirin and discharged with normal parameters.ConclusionsPeople in high-risk professions in the endemic areas should be informed and trained on the risk of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever as a matter of urgency. Vaginal bleeding is not always a gynecological problem. In Albania, these places are the mountainous areas, so people who have traveled to these areas and who have symptoms after a tick bite are advised to contact their doctors.

Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Case Series: a Chronology of Biochemical and Hematological Parameters

“…The trend of ALT in this case series highlights that a declining pattern of ALT has a good prognostic value compared to the actual level of ALT at presentation. Our results are parallel with the observations by Ayatollahi et al from Iran and Muco et al from Albania, who found a steep decline in the ALT among the survivors [ 15 , 16 ]. However, the non-survivors were not reported for comparison in the aforementioned case series.…”

Animal Models for Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Human Disease

“…However, that study included a small patient sample size and none of the patients developed severe disease. Hepatic injury may also contribute to neurological impairment and one case reported the development of hepatic encephalopathy [66].…”