“…One interesting finding in this research emphasised that individuals demonstrated a stronger distinction between pleasure and displeasure in comparison with normal noncriminal experiences (Canter & Ioannou, ). Similarly, further research has replicated the full gamut of Russell's () emotions amongst male offenders highlighting four main affective themes: elation, calm, distress, and depression (Canter & Ioannou, ; Ioannou, ; Ioannou, Canter, & Youngs, ).…”