Criminalistics as a System of Scientific Knowledge in Global Threats and Transformation of Crime

Abstract

The functional purpose of criminalistic knowledge in the conditions of global threats and significant change of crime is considered. In the new conditions of the development of society, criminalistics is called upon to develop the latest means of counteracting crime. A separate direction in criminalistics should be the protection of information sources and the problems of information security. The role of the usage of criminalistic knowledge in counteracting information challenges and information (hybrid) war is emphasized. The process of crimes investigation and judicial proceedings is defined as “the struggle for information”. The possibility of obtaining objective information depends on the criminalistic means involved. Criminalistic tools (techniques, methods, technologies, recommendations) should correspond to informational manifestations, successfully counteract crime. The importance of introducing the practice of criminalistic knowledge application, the latest scientific, technical and other means of collecting evidence in global armed conflicts has been argued. Attention is paid to changing the tasks that are put in front of criminalistics. It has been suggested that there are criminalistics tasks at the following levels: strategic and tactical; theoretical informative and pragmatic (applied). Changing the tasks of criminalistics is caused not only by the transformation of crime, but also by the introduction of new mechanisms (European standards) into the practice of law enforcement, the need to use criminalistic knowledge in various jurisdictional processes.

Criminalistic Means, Methods and Technologies of Combating Crimes in the Field of National Security in the Context of European Integration

“…У сучасних реаліях сьогодення криміналістика відповідає розвитку цифрових технологій, створюючи засоби та методи можливості вилучення криміналістичної значимої інформації з нового виду носіїв. Завдяки науково-технічному прогресу з'являється можливість використання цифрових технологій у правоохоронній діяльності, що прискорює процес досудового розслідування, дозволяє більш повно формувати доказову базу при розслідуванні кримінальних правопорушень 36 , а у подальшому і забезпечує якість судового розгляду матеріалів кримінальних проваджень 37 .…”

Grounds for Limiting Property Rights in the Application of Temporary Seizure of Property in Criminal Proceedings

“…Factual grounds of restriction on the right of a person in the course of proceedings are a set of data sufficient to make a decision under the law as to the need to restrict certain rights of a person in such actions (Litvinova, 2017). Also quite common in the scientific literature is the definition of factual grounds for procedural action as sufficient data for the assumption that from the sources specified in the law information can be obtained that is the purpose of a certain procedural action (Shepitko, 2005). That is, the reasonableness of a certain procedural action is directly linked to the existence of the appropriate grounds for the conduct of such an action.…”