The application of forensic science and expertise is a necessary prerequisite for the investigation of crimes at the local and national level. Without the use of forensic science and expertise, an investigation within the framework of a criminal process becomes dead and unsubstantiated. But with the globalisation of world processes, the development of technologies, the speed of information transmission, the formation of crime outside the borders of one state and its entry into the international level has become an urgent problem, which has become a challenge in countering such crime and the need to steer forensic science and expertise towards assisting law enforcement activities. A special feature of countering the investigation of crimes was the creation of international cooperation between forensic specialists and expert witnesses even prior to the establishment of practical institutions that could counteract them in practice. Therewith, some representatives of such international unions and associations have taken serious steps in creating mechanisms for real counteraction to crimes at the international level (R.A. Reiss, G. Soderman, M.Sh. Bassiuni). Coverage of the problem of international cooperation in the investigation of crimes through the definition of the role of forensic science and expertise allowed focusing on the following blocks: 1) international associations of forensic specialists for combating crime in the historical context; 2) international criminal police organisations in combating crime; 3) international cooperation in the field of conducting forensic examinations; 4) the use of forensic and special knowledge in the activities of the International Criminal Court. Thus, a combination of theory and practice in the fight against crime is demonstrated. Historically, this is associated with the role of forensic science and expertise in recording traces of crimes, analysing them, and forming legal, forensic, and expert witness opinions. The purpose of the study is to establish the decisive role of forensic science and expertise in international cooperation in the investigation of crimes. For this, the authors turned to forensic science and expertise, historical processes that served to create substantial international organisations created to counter international crime

The functional purpose of criminalistic knowledge in the conditions of global threats and significant change of crime is considered. In the new conditions of the development of society, criminalistics is called upon to develop the latest means of counteracting crime. A separate direction in criminalistics should be the protection of information sources and the problems of information security. The role of the usage of criminalistic knowledge in counteracting information challenges and information (hybrid) war is emphasized. The process of crimes investigation and judicial proceedings is defined as “the struggle for information”. The possibility of obtaining objective information depends on the criminalistic means involved. Criminalistic tools (techniques, methods, technologies, recommendations) should correspond to informational manifestations, successfully counteract crime. The importance of introducing the practice of criminalistic knowledge application, the latest scientific, technical and other means of collecting evidence in global armed conflicts has been argued. Attention is paid to changing the tasks that are put in front of criminalistics. It has been suggested that there are criminalistics tasks at the following levels: strategic and tactical; theoretical informative and pragmatic (applied). Changing the tasks of criminalistics is caused not only by the transformation of crime, but also by the introduction of new mechanisms (European standards) into the practice of law enforcement, the need to use criminalistic knowledge in various jurisdictional processes.

УДК 343.98 В. Ю. Шепітько, доктор юридичних наук, професор, академік НАПрН України, Заслужений діяч науки і техніки України, завідувач лабораторії використання сучасних досягнень науки і техніки у боротьбі зі злочинністю Науково-дослідного інституту вивчення проблем злочинності імені академіка В. В. Сташиса НАПрН України В. О. Коновалова, доктор юридичних наук, професор, академік НАПрН України, Заслужена діячка науки України, головний науковий співробітник Науково-дослідного інституту вивчення проблем злочинності імені академіка В. В. Сташиса НАПрН України В. М. Шевчук, доктор юридичних наук, професор, провідний науковий співробітник Науково-дослідного інституту вивчення проблем злочинності імені академіка В. В. Сташиса НАПрН України Г. К. Авдєєва, кандидат юридичних наук, старший науковий співробітник, провідний науковий співробітник Науково-дослідного інституту вивчення проблем злочинності імені академіка В. В. Сташиса НАПрН України Г. М. Гетьман, кандидат юридичних наук, старший науковий співробітник Науково-дослідного інституту вивчення проблем злочинності імені академіка В. В. Сташиса НАПрН України Н. В. Павлюк, кандидат юридичних наук, доцент, науковий співробітник Науково-дослідного інституту вивчення проблем злочинності імені академіка В. В. Сташиса НАПрН України В. О. Яремчук, кандидат юридичних наук, доцент, старший науковий співробітник Науково-дослідного інституту вивчення проблем злочинності імені академіка В. В. Сташиса НАПрН України М. О. Соколенко, молодший науковий співробітник Науководослідного інституту вивчення проблем злочинності імені академіка В. В. Сташиса НАПрН України А. О. Григоренко, молодший науковий співробітник лабораторії використання сучасних досягнень науки і техніки у боротьбі зі злочинністю Науково-дослідного інституту вивчення проблем злочинності імені академіка В. В. Сташиса НАПрН України НАУКОВО-ТЕХНІЧНЕ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ СЛІДЧОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ В УМОВАХ ЗМАгАЛЬНОгО КРИМІНАЛЬНОгО ПРОЦЕСУ Постановка проблеми. На тлі науково-технічного прогресу зростає кількість нових видів кримінальних правопорушень. Зокрема, хакерські атаки протягом 2020 року коштували світовій еко-93 НАУКОВО-ТЕХНІЧНЕ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ СЛІДЧОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ В УМОВАХ ЗМАГАЛЬНОГО КРИМІНАЛЬНОГО ПРОЦЕСУ Випуск 42 ' 2021

The aim: To carry out a historical review of the formation and development of medical forensics in the XIX – early XX century in Ukraine, as well as to identify its trends at the present stage. Materials and methods: The article is based on the study of archival and published materials, the results of integrating expert judgments, judicial practice and regulatory acts of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, interviewing investigators and court experts. In the course of the research a system of scientific methods has been used: historical, comparative, terminological analysis, formal-logical, sociological. Conclusions: In the XIX and early XX centuries, the foundations for the formation of medical criminalistics were laid, which facilitated the development of forensic medicine, criminalistics and forensic examination. Special medical knowledge is widely used in investigative, judicial and expert practice. The synthesis of medical and forensic knowledge enhanced the development of a method of personal identification, based on his/her genetic properties, the formation of molecular genetic examination, the study of individual objects at the modern level.

The article is devoted to the role of a dynamic stereotype in the diagnosis of writ­ten speech. Author paid attention to: 1 global processes in the exchange of information between people; 2 changes in the tool base for the texts writing; 3 the usage of electronic documents and electronic signatures; 4 the exchange of e-mail messages. The study of the written language in criminalistics is carried out within the framework of forensic handwriting examination judicial handwriting and forensic linguistics. The dynamic stereo­type took the important place in these branches of criminalistic techniques – the neuro­physiological basis of skills, a definite integral system of conditioned reflex reactions.­The dynamic stereotype is also typical for various modern ways of performing texts including using of electronic information resources. Reader attention is focused on new directions in the diagnostic examination of written texts, the formation of forensic crim­inalistic linguistics and psycholinguistics, as well as the development of psycholinguistic study of texts for identification purposes.