Crips in Orange: Gangs and Groups in the Netherlands

Gemert, F.H.M. van

doi:10.1007/978-94-010-0882-2_9

Cited by 25 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…In any case, culture has been the chief explanation given to explain how we find Crips in The Netherlands (Van Gemert 2001) and the A and B gangs in Oslo (Lien 2001). Both Van Gemert and Lien depend on cultural explanations to account for the presence of gangs with American roots in these northern European nations.…”

Section: Culture Migration and Marginalizationmentioning

confidence: 81%

Gangs, Migration, and Crime: The Changing Landscape in Europe and the USA

Decker

Gemert²,

Pyrooz

2009

Int. Migration & Integration

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The history of gangs is intertwined with migration. In America, a number of classic studies have reported on the possible causal link between immigration, socioeconomic position, social disorganization, and gang formation. More recently in Europe, the impact of migration on gangs reflects a complex mix of factors that also includes cultural and media influences. In addition, there are other contextual factors such as immigration and population movement that have received less attention, yet condition the relationship between structural factors and the formation of gangs. Processes such as immigration, migration, and resettlement have had an important impact on the transmission of gangs on an international, national, and local scale, often enhanced by the impact of immigration. This article examines the relationship between immigration, culture, and gangs and contrasts European and US research.Résumé L'histoire des gangs est entrelacée avec celle de la migration. En Amérique, plusieurs études classiques ont fait état d'un lien causal possible entre l'immigration, la position socio-économique, la désorganisation sociale et la formation de gangs. Plus récemment en Europe, l'impact de la migration sur les gangs reflète un mélange de facteurs, y compris des influences culturelles et médiatiques. De plus, certains facteurs contextuels comme l'immigration et les mouvements de population, qui ont moins fait l'objet d'étude, conditionnent néanmoins le rapport entre des facteurs structurels et la formation de gangs. Des processus comme l'immigration, la migration et le rétablissement ont eu un impact important sur la transmission des gangs à l'échelle internationale, nationale et locale. Cet article étudie le rapport entre l'immigration, la culture et les gangs, et dresse une comparaison entre la recherche européenne et la recherche américaine.

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Section: Culture Migration and Marginalizationmentioning

confidence: 81%

Gangs, Migration, and Crime: The Changing Landscape in Europe and the USA

Decker

Gemert²,

Pyrooz

2009

Int. Migration & Integration

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“…It has become apparent that the study of gangs can no longer be limited to local conditions, but must also considered in the global context. For there are now Jamaican ‘posses’ in Kansas (Gunst 1995), Mexican gangs in San Diego (Rotella 1998), Russian ‘maffia’ in Chicago (Finckenauer and Waring 1998), female Muslim gangs in Oslo (Lien 2002), LA's MS‐13 and 18th Street gangs in Honduras and El Salvador (Decesare 2003), Nigerian drug smugglers coming through Ronald Reagan International Airport (Grennan, Britz, Rush and Barker 2000), LA's Crips gang in the Netherlands (van Gemert 2001), US tongs linked to Chinese Triads (Booth 1999), and numerous other examples of global networking of gangs. Sullivan (2006) divides gangs into three levels: first generation gangs, which are traditional street (or prison) gangs with a turf orientation; second generation gangs, which have a business focus; and third generation gangs, which have evolved political aims.…”

Section: The Present Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Korean English linguistic landscape

Lawrence

2012

World Englishes

101

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This paper utilizes sociolinguistic theories of social stratification, gravity and cascade models to analyze the usage of English in the linguistic landscape of Korea. Public signs in different regions of Seoul and Korea were photographed and analyzed according to the percentage of English, Korean, Konglish, and Chinese. Labov's gravity model was not found to be accurate, but his social stratification and cascade models were moderately supported. However, in all regions of Seoul and greater Korea, there are domains of English. English is found in the physical domains of main streets, amusement parks and foreign districts, in the product domains of beer, wine and clothing, and in the sociolinguistic domains of modernity, luxury and youth.

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“…Surveys involving younger samples, however, call into question the extent to which these stereotypes accurately depict youth gang members. A similar picture of gang members appears to be evolving in Europe, based largely on police accounts and on relatively recent ethnographic studies (Lien 2001;Van Gemert 2001;Tertilt 2001). To what extent, however, are these findings based upon stereotyping or on limited information?…”

Section: Sources Of Information and Gang Member Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Youth Gangs and Troublesome Youth Groups in the United States and the Netherlands

Esbensen

Weerman

2005

European Journal of Criminology

117

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A minority of adolescents are part of street-oriented groups in which illegal behaviour is common, groups that can be referred to as ‘youth gangs’ or ‘troublesome youth groups’. Such groups are a well-known phenomenon in the United States and recently have been reported in a number of European nations. Relatively few researchers, however, have endeavoured to explore such youth gangs from a comparative perspective. In this article, we examine characteristics of American and Dutch gangs and gang members. These cross-national comparisons are based on two school samples of 11-16-year-old youths in the USA ( N = 5935) and the Netherlands ( N = 1978). The students completed anonymous, self-administered questionnaires containing similar questions, which allow for comparison of Dutch and American adolescent experiences with youth gangs.

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Crips in Orange: Gangs and Groups in the Netherlands

Cited by 25 publications

References 1 publication

Gangs, Migration, and Crime: The Changing Landscape in Europe and the USA

Gangs, Migration, and Crime: The Changing Landscape in Europe and the USA

The Korean English linguistic landscape

Youth Gangs and Troublesome Youth Groups in the United States and the Netherlands

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