Crisis discussions in psychology—New historical and philosophical perspectives

O cientificismo como obstáculo à compreensão ético-política da Psicologia

“…De fato, o conceito de paradigma sofreu uma inflação hermenêutica, obscurecendo as fronteiras entre uma epistemologia descritiva e uma normativa e entre o que é e o que deve ser com respeito ao desenvolvimento científico. Nesse sentido, por exemplo, na década de 60, cientistas cognitivistas declararam uma revolução no domínio da Psicologia: o sucesso do novo paradigma cognitivista estaria justificado por possuir características de um paradigma de estilo kuhniano (Sturm & Mülberger, 2012).…”

“…De maneira geral, podemos dizer que essa noção esteve também associada, de certa forma, aos discursos de crise de unidade na Psicologia (Sturm & Mülberger, 2012). Nessa direção, parece ter implicado, ao menos, duas formas de conceber a unidade da Psicologia: i) a unidade interna -o paradigma representaria o estatuto unitário da Psicologia, o seu sucesso como ciência normal, que, em período anterior, estaria dividida em escolas conflitantes, não sendo, nesse último caso, mais do que uma ciência pré-paradigmática, e ii) a unidade externadado que, sendo paradigmática, a Psicologia alcançaria um estatuto semelhante ao da Física atual, poder-se-ia, em certas condições, inferir a unidade da Psicologia no sistema de ciências, tal como almejada pelos positivistas do início do século XX (Strawinski, 1995).…”

Will We March to Utopia, or Be Dragged There? Past Failures and Future Hopes for Publishing Our Science

“…A look at the history of psychology, however, confirms that concerns about publication practices have been voiced for many, many years, culminating in a wave of scepticism in the late 1960s and early 1970s dubbed "the crisis in psychology." Here, the definitive article ("the") is maybe an exaggeration, considering that crises have routinely been declared in psychology since the 19th century (Sturm & Mülberger, 2012). All the same, the 1970s crisis raised a number of issues with the paradigm of psychology research publishing that persist to this day.…”

Framing environmental crises: Correlating action to outcomes for the 1969 Santa Barbara and 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spills.

“…The "function [of] the idea of crisis," finally, echoes the tendency of political science (and crisis prevention and management) to view such occasions through a functionalist lens, where crisis (potentially) signifies that some system or sub-system is not functioning properly and that action is required to restore normality; specifically, it seeks to identify what the actors utilizing crisistalk hope to accomplish and/or get by doing so (Sturm and Miilberger 2011). An actor's crisis-talk-or, more accurately, their crisis narrative-can overtake and even subsume whatever actual basis the crisis may have had and influence what should be done.…”

“…42 For threat, see : Coombs 2007;Feam-Banks 1996;Coombs 1999;Fink 1987;Edelman 1977;Kurtz 2004;Heath 2004;Boin 2005b;'t Hart 1993;Turner and Pidgeon 1997;Boin and 't Hart 2003;Alink et al 2001;Boin et al 2005;Cortell and Peterson 1999;Sturm and Miilberger 2011;Boin and 't Hart 2007;Rosenthal, Boin, and Comfort 2001;Rosenthal, Charles, and 't Hart 1989;Quarantelli 1993;Bostdorff and O'Rourke 1997;Pearson and Clair 1998;Boin et al 2005;Sellnow 1993;Kouzmin and Jarman 2004;Perrow 1984;Raphael 1986;Kouzmin and Jarman 1989; industrial leaders, who are coping with it as best they can;" and 3), "the crisis requires sacrifices to surmount it" (Edelman 1977,44;italics added and connected events and consequences, based on the experience, desires, and beliefs of actors" (Fuller 2010(Fuller ,1125. Through the careful use of "stories, metaphors, and frames," crisis narratives are "deployed as political strategies to enact change by appealing to shared experience and understanding," and are not an "objective reflection of reality"; instead, they are "embedded in the contingent and reflexive situation of those constructing, conveying, and receiving narratives" (Fuller 2010(Fuller , 1125.…”