Crisis in South American regionalism and Brazilian protagonism in Unasur, the Lima Group and Prosur

Abstract

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The Pacific Alliance and its influence on South American regionalism

“…First, it is argued that Chile, Colombia, and Peru have deployed efforts to influence South American regionalism through different initiatives. This analysis focuses solely on Prosur because its emergence is deeply connected to the dismantling of Unasur even as it has sought to replace Unasur's role in South American regional governance (Barros & Gonçalves, 2021).…”

“…These new arrangements are the Lima Group, Forum for the Progress of South America (Prosur), and the Leticia Pact, proposed by Peru, Chile, and Colombia. At the heart of this phenomenon resides the lack of Brazilian leadership in the region, and the efforts of Chile, Colombia, and Peru to establish such agendas instead (Barros & Gonçalves, 2021).…”

South America at the core of Brazilian foreign policy during Bolsonaro’s administration (2019-2022)

“…However, PROSUR never came to occupy a relevant role in the Brazilian government. With the pandemic, in 2020, President Piñera convened three virtual meetings for debates on possible cooperation, which did not have the presence of Bolsonaro (Barros et al 2021).…”

“…There is still no consolidated literature on this topic. Nevertheless, Barros and Gonçalves's (2021) work is one significant exception. On Brazilian foreign policy in general, one may find relevant works such as papers by Casarões (2020;, Caballero and Crescentino (2020), Casarões and Saraiva (2021), Casarões and Farias (2021), Saraiva and Albuquerque (2022), and Pinheiro and Santos (2022).…”

Crisis and changes in international governance in the dawn of the 21st century: rethinking the spheres of international politics

“…The aspect of governance in South America also appears in the contribution of Pedro Barros and Julia Borba de Souza Gonçalves. Their article "Crisis in South American regionalism and Brazilian protagonism in Unasur, Lima Group and Prosur" assesses the crisis of regional governance in South America, from 2017 onwards, analyzing the emergence of regional initiatives (Lima Group, Prosur, and Pact of Leticia) and their agendas to replace Unasur's role, and how they are the results of global (Brexit, rising nationalism, protest against institutions) and regional (Venezuelan crisis, political polarization, economic disintegration) events (Barros and Gonçalves 2021).…”