CRISPR/Cas9 in cancer: An attempt to the present trends and future prospects

Abstract

Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally. Series of sequential, repeated genetic changes and epigenetic modifications are leading to the formation of tumors. These tumors subsequently causing the infected cells to invade and transform their surrounding cells by metastasis are some hallmarks in cancer. Although tremendous efforts have been extended for structurally characterizing the numerous genomic mutations undergoing in cancer cells, there is a lack of information regarding the functions of many mutated genes.Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) has become a robust method for building changes in genome of many organisms. Recent reports have suggested that modification of CRISPR/Cas9 can provide plot form to probe the mechanisms in tumorigenesis and in cancer therapies. This review focuses on the historical perspectives of CRISPR/Cas9. The study highlights the applications and also role in cancer cell genome editing, which is helpful to understand the dynamics. Intense research in progress on mechanism of action of CRISPR/Cas9 has been reviewed and critically discussed. Further, relevant literature on animal models focusing on various approaches has been highlighted to emphasize the therapeutics of CRISPR/Cas9 with current trends and future challenges.

CRISPR/Cas9 systems: Delivery technologies and biomedical applications

“…Cancer represents a major menace to human well-being and stands as the second highest contributor to mortality [126] . Due to their complex origins and the variations observed among individual patients, achieving a complete cure for cancer remains challenging.…”

Advantages and Challenges of CRISPR-Cas9 Applications in Animal Modeling: A Concise Review CRISPR-Cas9 Applications in Animal Modeling

“…While not a direct benefit of CRISPR-Cas9, its development has sparked important discussions around the ethical implications of gene editing. These conversations are crucial for establishing guidelines and regulations to ensure responsible use of this technology (10). CRISPR-Cas9 offers tremendous potential, while there are still challenges and limitations to overcome, such as off-target effects and delivery methods.…”

“…CRISPR-Cas9 offers tremendous potential, while there are still challenges and limitations to overcome, such as off-target effects and delivery methods. Ongoing research and advancements in gene-editing technologies aim to address these concerns and further enhance the benefits of CRISPR-Cas9 (10,11). The objective of this review study was to assess CRISPR-Cas 9 in animal modeling.…”