CRISPR technology: The engine that drives cancer therapy

Zhang, Mingtao; Eshraghian, Emily; Jammal, Omar Al; Zhang, Zhi-Bi; Zhu, Xiao

doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111007

Cited by 39 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 166 publications

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“…The sgRNA guides and activates the Cas9 nuclease, which makes a double-stranded break at the designated site, which is then repaired by cellular machinery. This repair can be guided to make a specific desired change in the genome, such as targeted insertion, deletion or correction of a specific DNA sequence, making it a potentially revolutionary tool for therapy [62]. Cancer therapy with the CRISPR-Cas9 technology is not focused on correcting/killing tumor cells, as the delivery and targeting of specific tissues is still an issue.…”

Section: Modern Approaches To Improve the Diagnosis And Treatment Of Rgtmentioning

confidence: 99%

GYNOCARE Update: Modern Strategies to Improve Diagnosis and Treatment of Rare Gynecologic Tumors—Current Challenges and Future Directions

Fiore

Suleiman

Ellul

et al. 2021

Cancers

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More than 50% of all gynecologic tumors can be classified as rare (defined as an incidence of ≤6 per 100,000 women) and usually have a poor prognosis owing to delayed diagnosis and treatment. In contrast to almost all other common solid tumors, the treatment of rare gynecologic tumors (RGT) is often based on expert opinion, retrospective studies, or extrapolation from other tumor sites with similar histology, leading to difficulty in developing guidelines for clinical practice. Currently, gynecologic cancer research, due to distinct scientific and technological challenges, is lagging behind. Moreover, the overall efforts for addressing these challenges are fragmented across different European countries and indeed, worldwide. The GYNOCARE, COST Action CA18117 (European Network for Gynecological Rare Cancer Research) programme aims to address these challenges through the creation of a unique network between key stakeholders covering distinct domains from concept to cure: basic research on RGT, biobanking, bridging with industry, and setting up the legal and regulatory requirements for international innovative clinical trials. On this basis, members of this COST Action, (Working Group 1, “Basic and Translational Research on Rare Gynecological Cancer”) have decided to focus their future efforts on the development of new approaches to improve the diagnosis and treatment of RGT. Here, we provide a brief overview of the current state-of-the-art and describe the goals of this COST Action and its future challenges with the aim to stimulate discussion and promote synergy across scientists engaged in the fight against this rare cancer worldwide.

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Section: Modern Approaches To Improve the Diagnosis And Treatment Of Rgtmentioning

confidence: 99%

GYNOCARE Update: Modern Strategies to Improve Diagnosis and Treatment of Rare Gynecologic Tumors—Current Challenges and Future Directions

Fiore

Suleiman

Ellul

et al. 2021

Cancers

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“…At the same time, studies have also found that Yes-associated protein (YAP), the main effector of Hippo signaling, is a single protein factor that can maintain the young state of human MSCs. Researchers have also used CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing to obtain YAP-specific knockout human embryonic stem cells and human MSCs [ 123 ] (Table 2 ). The researchers found that human MSCs lacking YAP exhibited a severe accelerated aging phenotype.…”

Section: The Anti-aging Effect Of Mscsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesenchymal stem cells: ideal seeds for treating diseases

Gao

Fan

et al. 2021

Human Cell

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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a kind of multipotent stem cells with self-renewal ability and multi-differentiation ability, have become the "practical stem cells" for the treatment of diseases. MSCs have immunomodulatory properties and can be used to treat autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Crohn's disease. MSCs also can be used in cancer and aging. At present, many clinical experiments are using MSCs. MSCs can reduce the occurrence of inflammation and apoptosis of tissue cells, and promote the proliferation of endogenous tissue and organ cells, so as to achieve the effect of repairing tissue and organs. MSCs presumably also play an important role in Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Keywords Mesenchymal stem cells • Autoimmune diseases • Aging • Inflammation • Cancer • COVID-19 Abbreviations AA Alginate ARDS Acute respiratory distress syndrome BM-MSCs Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells BMP-2 Bone morphogenetic protein 2 CBX4 Chromobox protein homologue 4 CRISPR Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats Cas9 CRISPR-associated protein-9 nuclease Col Collagen COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COVID-19 Corona Virus Disease 2019 CRC Colorectal cancer CXCR7 C-X-C chemokine receptor type 7 CXCL12 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12

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“…The aim of tumor immunology therapy is to stimulate or mobilize the body's immune system and enhance tumor microenvironment anti-tumor immunity, so as to control and kill tumor cells (3). There are many methods of tumor immunological therapy (4) (5), including tumor vaccine (6), immune-guided therapy, cell adoptive immunotherapy (7), cytokine therapy, gene therapy (8) and comprehensive therapy. Immunotherapy of tumor, whether a single drug or combination therapy, has shown clinical efficacy in many kinds of cancer, so it has attracted more and more attention (3,9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mechanism of Stimulating and Mobilizing the Immune System Enhancing the Anti-Tumor Immunity

Zhu

2021

Front. Immunol.

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Cancer immunotherapy is a kind of therapy that can control and eliminate tumors by restarting and maintaining the tumor-immune cycle and restoring the body’s normal anti-tumor immune response. Although immunotherapy has great potential, it is currently only applicable to patients with certain types of tumors, such as melanoma, lung cancer, and cancer with high mutation load and microsatellite instability, and even in these types of tumors, immunotherapy is not effective for all patients. In order to enhance the effectiveness of tumor immunotherapy, this article reviews the research progress of tumor microenvironment immunotherapy, and studies the mechanism of stimulating and mobilizing immune system to enhance anti-tumor immunity. In this review, we focused on immunotherapy against tumor microenvironment (TME) and discussed the important research progress. TME is the environment for the survival and development of tumor cells, which is composed of cell components and non-cell components; immunotherapy for TME by stimulating or mobilizing the immune system of the body, enhancing the anti-tumor immunity. The checkpoint inhibitors can effectively block the inhibitory immunoregulation, indirectly strengthen the anti-tumor immune response and improve the effect of immunotherapy. We also found the checkpoint inhibitors have brought great changes to the treatment model of advanced tumors, but the clinical treatment results show great individual differences. Based on the close attention to the future development trend of immunotherapy, this study summarized the latest progress of immunotherapy and pointed out a new direction. To study the mechanism of stimulating and mobilizing the immune system to enhance anti-tumor immunity can provide new opportunities for cancer treatment, expand the clinical application scope and effective population of cancer immunotherapy, and improve the survival rate of cancer patients.

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CRISPR technology: The engine that drives cancer therapy

Cited by 39 publications

References 166 publications

GYNOCARE Update: Modern Strategies to Improve Diagnosis and Treatment of Rare Gynecologic Tumors—Current Challenges and Future Directions

GYNOCARE Update: Modern Strategies to Improve Diagnosis and Treatment of Rare Gynecologic Tumors—Current Challenges and Future Directions

Mesenchymal stem cells: ideal seeds for treating diseases

The Mechanism of Stimulating and Mobilizing the Immune System Enhancing the Anti-Tumor Immunity

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