Criteria for CO2 storage in geological formations

Abstract

CO2 storage in geological formations represents today one of the main new technological solutions for CO2 emission mitigation. Carbon capture and storage technology (CCS) includes capture of anthropogenic CO2 from various emitters, its transportation and injection in different types of geological formations such as: depleted oil and gas reservoirs, saline formations, unmined coal beds, partially depleted oil reservoirs for enhanced oil recovery (EOR-CO2 method) and others. The analysis of numerous criteria that are determining the success of process implementation from a technical, safety, ecological and economic point of view is necessary for considering the optimal CO2 geological storage option. In this paper, an overview of CO2 geological storage types is presented, with an emphasis on criteria for selection of most adequate CO2 storage option. They include geological, physical, thermodynamic, hydrodynamic, techno economic, social criteria, as well as the regulatory issues that are key factors for CCS technology development and further deployment.

Application of the PROMETHEE and VIKOR methods for selecting the most suitable carbon dioxide geological storage option

“…The analyzed parameters for estimating the storage capacity in depleted oil and gas reservoirs and during EOR-CO2 process, include: original oil (or gas) in place, recoverable oil or gas reserves, porosity, reservoir rock volume, reservoir temperature and pressure, water saturation, potential water inflow, phase behavior of CO2, solubility in water and possible spill point. The most important parameters for saline aquifers are: aquifer characteristics, water salinity, CO2 solubility in water, as well as the presence of cap rocks continuity (Bachu,2002;Tomić, 2018).…”

“…Total storage costs include the costs related to the infrastructure for CO2 capture and transportation, the costs of injection wells, as well as costs of field facilities whose value varies depending on storage option (Tomić, 2018).…”

Potential of the Middle Cambrian Aquifer for Carbon Dioxide Storage in the Baltic States

“…There are also considerable differences in storage and maintenance costs among different types of geological structures. At the same time, deep saline aquifers, in comparison to other geological formations, have the greatest CO 2 storage capacity potential, even if it might not be the cheapest option [26].…”

Estudo de possibilidades para armazenar CO2 em reservatórios geológicos offshore na Bacia de Santos.

“…Dessa forma, a análise de critérios termodinâmicos inclui o estudo de gradientes de temperatura e pressão. Nas condições de estado supercrítico mencionadas, o CO 2 apresenta propriedades de gás e líquido simultaneamente, mostrando densidade de um líquido e viscosidade de um gás(TOMIĆ, 2018). Ao se considerar as condições de temperatura e pressão existentes na Terra, a profundidade mínima de injeção do CO 2 para que permaneça no estado supercrítico deve ser conhecimento do regime hidrodinâmico da água presente nas formações é essencial para o armazenamento de CO 2 , especialmente no caso de injeção em reservatórios depletados de óleo e gás.…”

“…Existe uma ligação clara entre o tipo de bacia sedimentar e o fluxo da água contida (figura 6.8. ).Dentre esses critérios pode-se mencionar os custos pré-estocagem, custos relacionados ao local de armazenamento e custos de monitoramento(TOMIĆ, 2018). Os custos relacionados às etapas anteriores ao armazenamento incluem as despesas com captura e transporte, assim como os estudos de viabilidade para caracterização adequada de um local de sua vez, dependem da regulação local.…”