Criteria for electric determination of antivortex creation in ferromagnetic thin film

Abstract

Antivortex creation in a cross-shaped wire was demonstrated by using magnetoresistance and magnetic force microscopy measurements. The magnetization process was stochastic and exhibited a wide variety of magnetoresistance curves. By developing a conventional method, we have achieved electrical determination criteria to distinguish antivortex creation from many other magnetization states. The electrical criteria provide a simple method without large-scale apparatus and promote further experiments such as spin-current driven antivortex dynamics.

Electrical detection of magnetic states in crossed nanowires using the topological Hall effect

“…Recently, non-uniform and nanometer-scale magnetic structures such as magnetic domain walls, [1][2][3][4][5] magnetic vortices, [6][7][8][9][10][11][12] antivortices, [13][14][15][16] , and skyrmions [17][18][19][20][21] have been attracting increasing attention for use as high-density memory cells for future non-volatile data-storage devices because of their smallness and their magnetic stability at room temperature. The magnetic vortex and antivortex are one of the most fundamental magnetic states, with two degrees of freedom, namely a polarity and a vorticity.…”

“…In previous studies, magnetic-domain-wall motion, [2][3][4][5] core switching in the magnetic vortex, [8][9][10] and skyrmion dynamics 20,21) induced by spin torque have been demonstrated as electrical control methods. In contrast, the magnetic states have often been observed by non-electrical methods such as magnetic-force microscopy, 2,4,6,8,9,13,15,16) spin-polarized scanning 2 tunneling microscopy, 7) Lorentz-type scanning electron microscopy, 19) and magneto-optic Kerr-effect microscopy. 3) Although there have been some studies on electrical detection by giant magnetoresistance, 1) tunneling magnetoresistance, 10) and anisotropic magnetoresistance, 5,11,12,16) only dynamical methods such as magnetic resonance 12) are capable of detecting both the polarity and vorticity simultaneously.…”

“…In contrast, the magnetic states have often been observed by non-electrical methods such as magnetic-force microscopy, 2,4,6,8,9,13,15,16) spin-polarized scanning 2 tunneling microscopy, 7) Lorentz-type scanning electron microscopy, 19) and magneto-optic Kerr-effect microscopy. 3) Although there have been some studies on electrical detection by giant magnetoresistance, 1) tunneling magnetoresistance, 10) and anisotropic magnetoresistance, 5,11,12,16) only dynamical methods such as magnetic resonance 12) are capable of detecting both the polarity and vorticity simultaneously. Hence, other methods for the electrical detection of these degrees of freedom are required.…”

Influence of the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction on the topological Hall effect in crossed nanowires

“…ecently, nonuniform and nanoscale magnetic structures, such as magnetic domain walls, magnetic vortices, [1][2][3][4][5][6] antivortices, [7][8][9][10] and skyrmions, [11][12][13][14][15] have attracted considerable interest. These magnetic structures have potential to be used as high-density memory cells in future nonvolatile data-storage devices owing to their small sizes and magnetic stabilities at room temperature.…”