Critical conditions of the formation and failure of welded joints in explosive welding

Investigation of the Influence of Kinematic and Energy Parameters on the Structure and Strength of Explosion-Welded Steel-Aluminum Composite

“…In [22], the authors note that a possible reason for reducing the strength of the steel-aluminum composite is the impact on the welded joint of the kinetic energy of the discharge wave Wu, which depends on the impact velocity Vi and the thickness of the thrown element δ1. During explosion welding, this energy leads to the formation of tensile stresses that reduce the strength of the composite, and at large values of Wu, the welded joint can completely collapse.…”

Thermal kinetics in explosive cladding of dissimilar metals

“…While cladding metals having a similar density tend to produce an interface having a vortex on both sides, the explosive cladding of metals having a varying density ratio vortex will be visible in the denser metal. The physical properties, such as heat conductivity coefficient, specific heat capacity, thickness of plates and melting point, determine the time required for solidification T s , which is estimated using the following relation23 where ρ f is the density of the flyer plate, V c is the velocity of collision, t f is the thickness of the flyer plate, t p is the thickness of the parent plate, β is the dynamic bend angle, c is the specific heat capacity, λ is the heat conductivity coefficient and t mp is the melting point of the flyer. Alternatively, Hokamoto et al 24 recommend the use of the interlayer to reduce the time available for solidification.…”

Thermal Effects in Dissimilar Magnetic Pulse Welding

“…There are already thermal models existing for MPW [9,13,15,19] but they do not take the CoP into consideration as a heat source. The time for solidification has also been calculated in previous publications [9,20,21] but without considering dissimilar materials, the temperature distribution after the heating and not to mention the effect of phase transformations. For the prediction of the weld formation it is important to know the time dependent temperature in the joining zone.…”

“…For the prediction of the weld formation it is important to know the time dependent temperature in the joining zone. The weld formation might be hindered if the surface temperatures are too low at the time of contact or bounce back effects occur [21] before the solidification of the welding interface is completed.…”