Critical factors to bioenergy implementation

Wood-Pellet Heating in Norway: Early Adopters’ Satisfaction and Problems That Have Been Experienced

“…Results also indicate that overall satisfaction toward wood-pellet heating is significantly influenced by both technical factors (i.e., pellet stove) and economic factor (i.e., cost). Studies have indicated that the lack of appropriate technology hinder the development of wood pellets, in addition to the economic barrier such as high investment cost [11,20,21]. Nyrud et al [17] also emphasized the importance of superior system performance before a public campaign.…”

“…The pellet stove is a relatively new technology which was first marketed in the USA in 1983 [12]. One of the success factors of wood-pellet development in Austria is that Austrian legislation enforces stringent emission standards for boilers, guaranteeing the boiler quality and enforcing the R&D efforts of boiler producers to improve technical performance of installations [20]. On the other hand, one of the barriers of wood-pellet development in Finland is that there is no standard for combustion equipment, leading to the collapse of consumers' confidence [21].…”

“…Pellet quality was also perceived as a barrier in Finland where the pellets did not endure the mechanical wear caused by storage and transport [21]. In contrast, the certification system of pellets has facilitated the development of wood pellets in Austria [20]. Considering the issues raised in the literature mentioned, this study focuses on technical factors; namely maintenance time, pellet stove performance, suppliers/vendors and pellet quality.…”

Environmental, Economic and Policy Aspects of Biofuels

“…The reasons for low commercial maturity are several including high cost, undercompensation for environmental benefits, etc. (Roos et al, 1999). Some of the technological aspects are described in more detail in the following sections.…”

De la empresa al mercado, factores que inciden en la organización de las cadenas de producción de bioenergía

“…En los países de la Unión Europea y en Estados Unidos, donde la industria de la bioenergía se encuentra más desarrollada, la literatura coincide en destacar la importancia de barreras económicas, sociales e institucionales en la penetración de esta industria en el mercado de la energía eléctrica (Altman y Johnson, 2008;Mayfield, Foster, Smith, Gan y Fox, 2007;McCormick y Kåberger, 2007;Roos, Graham, Hektor y Rakos, 1999;Rösch y Kaltschmitt, 1999;Thornley y Prins, 2009). Algunas de las barreras más significativas son aspectos que inciden en la complejidad y en la eficiencia de las cadenas de producción de bioenergía, incluyendo los costos logísticos de la biomasa (Adams, Hammond, McManus y Mezzullo, 2011;Blumer, Stauffacher, Lang, Hayashi y Uchida, 2013;McCormick y Kåberger, 2007); la baja integración y/o cooperación de los distintos sectores involucrados (Mayfield et al, 2007;McCormick y Kåberger, 2007;Roos et al, 1999); la competencia por la materia prima con mercados no energéticos (Adams et al, 2011;Smith, Lattimore, Berndes, Bentsen, Dimitriou, Langeveld y Thiffault , 2015); las dificultades asociadas con la producción y la movilización de recursos materiales, cognitivos y relacionales a nivel local (Adams et al, 2011;Rösch y Kaltschmitt, 1999); la incertidumbre del entorno, el poco conocimiento y la mala percepción pú-blica de estas tecnologías (Hodgson, Ruiz-Molina, Marazza, Pogrebnyakova, Burns, Higson, Rehberger, Hiete, Gyalai-Korpos, Di Lucia, Noël, Woods y Gallagher , 2016;Mangoyana y Smith, 2011).…”