Critical incident stress management (Cism)

Characteristics of Staff Victims of Pschiatric Patient Assaults: 15-Year Analysis of the Assaulted Staff Action Program (ASAP)

“…While no intervention can address every issue, the present ASAP data appear to address many of the various issues raised by each advocacy group. The ASAP procedures were provided onsite immediately, were fully voluntary, assessed for possible emerging trauma symptoms on at least three occasions over time, focused on re-establishing support networks, bolstered coping resources based on individual need, and no victim was required to discuss the traumatic experience [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. This approach is very similar in nature to the efficacious findings reported for crisis intervention procedures in medical settings [26] and ASAP procedures also appear highly analogous to the recently enumerated components of ''psychological first aid'' [22].…”

“…Are these improvements due to the ASAP interventions or are there other more parsimonious explanations [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]? For example, could the present crisis intervention data be explained as being really due to spontaneous remission?…”

Effects of Medical Crisis Intervention on Anxiety, Depression, and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms: A Meta-Analysis

“…As crisis intervention has developed, qualitative or narrative reviews have resulted in equivocal conclusions regarding overall effectiveness [14][15][16][17][18][19]. In an effort to synthesize data, meta-analytic reviews on the genre of crisis intervention debriefings as well as multicomponent crisis intervention systems have been conducted.…”

“…In addition to the overall effect size for each study, an effect size was determined for each dependent variable in order to distinguish the types of dependent variables that seem most affected by crisis intervention [15,41]. Mean effect sizes of the dependent measures were calculated in order to provide an overall estimate of effectiveness.…”

The Utility of Systematic Reviews: The Case of Psychological Debriefing after Trauma

“…Another review published in 2000 recommended the routine use of debriefing following trauma as an effective method of reducing subsequent psychological distress [4]. It is telling that this last review, unlike the two already cited, was not systematic.…”