Critical Role of the Sorting Polymer in Carbon Nanotube-Based Minority Carrier Devices

Mallajosyula, Arun Tej; Nie, Wanyi; Gupta, Gautam; Blackburn, Jeffrey L.; Doorn, Stephen K.; Mohite, Aditya

doi:10.1021/acsnano.6b04885

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(97 reference statements)

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“…In particular, SWCNTs wrapped with the polythiophene poly-(3-dodecylthiophene-2,5-diyl) exhibit a strong interaction that causes a significant amount of hybridized states. This finding is in line with a previous study performed by Mallajosyula et al [12] in which they investigated the influence of the wrapping polymer on the J-V characteristics of SWCNT:C 60 solar cells. For example, SWCNTs wrapped with the polyfluorene poly(9,9-din-dodecylfluorene-2,7-diyl) exhibit less interaction and hence a lower amount of hybridized states.…”

Section: Photovoltaic Performancesupporting

confidence: 92%

“…In recent years, organic solar cell (OSC) research has seen a strong shift from conventional polymer:fullerene blends to new concepts. Most famously polymer:nonfullerene solar cells, but also other types based on small molecule:fullerene blends as well as solar cells incorporating single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were investigated with increased efforts. All of these new concepts have been introduced to tackle several drawbacks and outstanding issues related to polymer:fullerene solar cells …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Absence of Charge Transfer State Enables Very LowV_OCLosses in SWCNT:Fullerene Solar Cells

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Einsiedler

Heumueller

et al. 2018

Advanced Energy Materials

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cells, [1][2][3][4] but also other types based on small molecule:fullerene [5,6] blends as well as solar cells incorporating singlewalled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] were investigated with increased efforts. All of these new concepts have been introduced to tackle several drawbacks and outstanding issues related to polymer:fullerene solar cells. [15] Concepts such as small molecule:fullerene active layers aim to use simple, well-defined molecules instead of polymers, which always exhibit a distribution in chain length altering their properties. The application of nonfullerene acceptors allows for more freedom to align the energy levels at the donor-acceptor interface. The incorporation of SWCNTs in OSCs or other organic devices [16][17][18][19] (near-infrared (nIR) detectors, nIR lightemitting diodes (LEDs), and field-effect transistors (FETs)) is based on several advantageous key factors that allow to boost device performances. First, SWCNTs have shown to exhibit a high photochemical stability making them superior to conventional polymers. Second, SWCNTs exhibit a very high charge carrier mobility outperforming conventional organic materials by orders of magnitude. [20,21] The high absorption coefficients in the nIR wavelength regime [22,23] make SWCNTs well suited to IR-sensitive OSCs via a ternary concept or in a binary blend with SWCNTs as the main absorber in the IR region.Previously it was shown that SWCNTs work in a type-II heterojunction scheme acting either as an electron acceptor in combination with a polymer or as the electron donor in combination with C 60 or [6,6]-phenyl-C 61 -butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). [24] Concerning the combination with C 60 , it was already demonstrated that charge carrier generation and harvesting is highly efficient with internal quantum efficiencies (IQEs) in the range of 85%. [25] The use of nearly monochiral SWCNTs in a bilayer architecture with C 60 facilitated high fill factors (FFs) greater than 60% and a high peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 43% at 1050 nm. Employing a bulk heterojunction (BHJ) architecture in combination with multichirality SWCNTs achieved a broad absorption in the nIR with power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) surpassing 3% for all-carbon allotrope absorbers. [24,26] In a recent study performed by Shea et al. [27] on nearly single-chirality (6,5) Current state-of-the-art organic solar cells (OSCs) still suffer from high losses of open-circuit voltage (V OC ). Conventional polymer:fullerene solar cells usually exhibit bandgap to V OC losses greater than 0.8 V. Here a detailed investigation of V OC is presented for solution-processed OSCs based on (6,5) single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT): [6,6]-phenyl-C 71 -butyric acid methyl ester active layers. Considering the very small optical bandgap of only 1.22 eV of (6,5) SWCNTs, a high V OC of 0.59 V leading to a low E gap /q − V OC = 0.63 V loss is observed. The low voltage losses are partly due to the lack of a measurable charge transfer state and partly due to th...

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Section: Photovoltaic Performancesupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…

…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Absence of Charge Transfer State Enables Very LowV_OCLosses in SWCNT:Fullerene Solar Cells

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Einsiedler

Heumueller

et al. 2018

Advanced Energy Materials

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“…Polymer-sorted SWCNTs have been used as strong nIR absorbers for efficiency enhancement in solar cells by harvesting. [15,16] Recently, SWCNTs have also been employed to electrically generate light, ranging from single-photon emission [17] to exciton-polaritons in light-emitting field-effect transistors at extreme current densities. [18] In OLEDs, however, SWCNTs have so far only been used as transparent electrodes [19][20][21][22][23] or as charge transport and charge blocking layers [24][25][26] .…”

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confidence: 99%

Infrared Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with Carbon Nanotube Emitters

et al. 2018

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While organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) covering all colors of the visible spectrum are widespread, suitable organic emitter materials in the near-infrared (nIR) beyond 800 nm are still lacking. Here, the first OLED based on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) as the emitter is demonstrated. By using a multilayer stacked architecture with matching charge blocking and charge-transport layers, narrow-band electroluminescence at wavelengths between 1000 and 1200 nm is achieved, with spectral features characteristic of excitonic and trionic emission of the employed (6,5) SWCNTs. Here, the OLED performance is investigated in detail and it is found that local conduction hot-spots lead to pronounced trion emission. Analysis of the emissive dipole orientation shows a strong horizontal alignment of the SWCNTs with an average inclination angle of 12.9° with respect to the plane, leading to an exceptionally high outcoupling efficiency of 49%. The SWCNT-based OLEDs represent a highly attractive platform for emission across the entire nIR.

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“…However, various strategies to remove the surfactants/polymer after separating the nanotubes are now being developed . Mohite's group, for example, have studied the influence of two wrapping polymers, namely PFO and PFO‐BPy, commonly used to sort (7,5) and (6,5) SWCNTs on the performance of a solar cell . It has been found that the energy levels of the sorting polymer has a considerable impact on the charge transport properties which in this study resulted in higher open‐circuit voltage ( V oc ).…”

Section: Applications Of Sorted Carbon Nanotubesmentioning

confidence: 86%

Recent Advances in Applications of Sorted Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Bati

Batmunkh

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

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Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) exhibit outstanding properties that make them appealing in a wide range of applications. However, their properties are variable depending on the tube helicity (chirality), which has been a challenge for a long time and needs to be effectively controlled. In recent years, tremendous efforts have been made to control the electrical type/chirality of nanotubes through both direct controlled synthesis and postsynthesis separation methods. Driven by these breakthroughs, the applications of separated families of SWCNTs in various fields have emerged as a new topic of research. In this Review, an overview of recent advances in the use of highly purified and well-separated SWCNTs in a comprehensive range of applications is presented including photovoltaics, transistors, batteries, sensors, light emitters, biological/medical fields, and others. Finally, important future directions for the utilization of separated SWCNTs in these fields are provided.

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Critical Role of the Sorting Polymer in Carbon Nanotube-Based Minority Carrier Devices

Cited by 15 publications

References 45 publications

Absence of Charge Transfer State Enables Very LowV_OCLosses in SWCNT:Fullerene Solar Cells

Absence of Charge Transfer State Enables Very LowV_OCLosses in SWCNT:Fullerene Solar Cells

Infrared Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with Carbon Nanotube Emitters

Recent Advances in Applications of Sorted Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes

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Critical Role of the Sorting Polymer in Carbon Nanotube-Based Minority Carrier Devices

Cited by 15 publications

References 45 publications

Absence of Charge Transfer State Enables Very LowVOCLosses in SWCNT:Fullerene Solar Cells

Absence of Charge Transfer State Enables Very LowVOCLosses in SWCNT:Fullerene Solar Cells

Infrared Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with Carbon Nanotube Emitters

Recent Advances in Applications of Sorted Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes

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Absence of Charge Transfer State Enables Very LowV_OCLosses in SWCNT:Fullerene Solar Cells

Absence of Charge Transfer State Enables Very LowV_OCLosses in SWCNT:Fullerene Solar Cells