Cronobacter gen. nov., a new genus to accommodate the biogroups of Enterobacter sakazakii, and proposal of Cronobacter sakazakii gen. nov., comb. nov., Cronobacter malonaticus sp. nov., Cronobacter turicensis sp. nov., Cronobacter muytjensii sp. nov., Cronobacter dublinensis sp. nov., Cronobacter genomospecies 1, and of three subspecies, Cronobacter dublinensis subsp. dublinensis subsp. nov., Cronobacter dublinensis subsp. lausannensis subsp. nov. and Cronobacter dublinensis subsp. lactaridi subsp. nov.

Iversen, Carol; Mullane, Niall; McCardell, Barbara A.; Tall, Ben D.; Lehner, Angelika; Fanning, Séamus; Stephan, Roger; Joosten, Han

doi:10.1099/ijs.0.65577-0

Cited by 502 publications

(308 citation statements)

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“…In 2007, the taxonomic reclassification of the species E. sakazakii into the genus Cronobacter [6] described 5 species, which were differentiated according to the biotyping scheme; C. sakazakii (biotypes 1-5, 7-9, 11, 13 & 14), C. turicensis (biotypes 16, 16a and 16b), C. muytjensii (biotype 15), C. dublinensis (biotypes 6, 10 and 12), and Cronobacter genomospecies 1. Soon afterwards, Iversen et al [7] proposed the additional species C. malonaticus. This was composed of three biotypes (5, 9 & 14) which had previously been assigned to C. sakazakii; Table 1.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lack of continuity between Cronobacter biotypes and species as determined using multilocus sequence typing

Joseph

Hariri

Forsythe

2013

Molecular and Cellular Probes

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lack of continuity between Cronobacter biotypes and species as determined using multilocus sequence typing

Joseph

Hariri

Forsythe

2013

Molecular and Cellular Probes

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“…Many species of this family are of considerable economic importance due to their pathogenic effects on agriculture and livestock (Janda & Abbott, 2006). Currently, there are more than 35 genera described in this family (Dauga, 2002;Janda, 2006), including the recently described genus Cronobacter (Iversen et al, 2008), which was previous recognized as Farmer's Enterobacter sakazakii biogroups 1-4, 7, 8, 11 and13 (Iversen et al, 2007, 2008).…”

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confidence: 99%

Mangrovibacter plantisponsor gen. nov., sp. nov., a nitrogen-fixing bacterium isolated from a mangrove-associated wild rice (Porteresia coarctata Tateoka)

Rameshkumar

Lang

Nair

2010

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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Mangrovibacter plantisponsor gen. nov., sp. nov., a nitrogen-fixing bacterium isolated from a mangrove-associated wild rice (Porteresia coarctata Tateoka A facultatively anaerobic, nitrogen-fixing bacterium, strain MSSRF40 T , was isolated from roots of mangrove-associated wild rice (Porteresia coarctata Tateoka). On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, strain MSSRF40 T was shown to belong to the family Enterobacteriaceae, most closely related to Cronobacter muytjensii E603 T (97.2 % sequence similarity), Enterobacter cloacae subsp. dissolvens LMG 2683 T (97.1 %), E. radicincitans D5/23 T (97.1 %) and E. ludwigii EN-119 T (97.0 %). Sequence analysis of rpoB, gyrB and hsp60 genes showed that strain MSSRF40 T had relatively low sequence similarity (,91, ,84 and ,90 %) to recognized species of different genera of the family Enterobacteriaceae and formed an independent phyletic lineage in all phylogenetic analyses using the 16S rRNA, rpoB, gyrB and hsp60 genes, clearly indicating that strain MSSRF40 T could not be affiliated to any of the recognized genera within the family Enterobacteriaceae. The dominant cellular fatty acids were C 16 : 0 , C 16 : 1 v7c and/or iso-C 15 : 0 2-OH and C 18 : 1 v7c, similar to those of other members of the Enterobacteriaceae. The DNA G+C content was 50.1 mol%. Phylogenetic distinctiveness and phenotypic differences from its phylogenetic neighbours indicated that strain MSSRF40 T represents a novel species and genus within the family Enterobacteriaceae, for which the name Mangrovibacter plantisponsor gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Mangrovibacter plantisponsor is strain MSSRF40 T (5LMG 24236 T 5DSM 19579 T ).The family Enterobacteriaceae is a large, heterogeneous group of Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rodshaped bacteria that do not form endospores and are catalase-positive and oxidase-negative (Brenner, 1984). Members of the family are distributed worldwide, with some being saprophytes and others being parasites of plants and animals. Many species of this family are of considerable economic importance due to their pathogenic effects on agriculture and livestock (Janda & Abbott, 2006). Currently, there are more than 35 genera described in this family (Dauga, 2002;Janda, 2006), including the recently described genus Cronobacter (Iversen et al., 2008), which was previous recognized as Farmer's Enterobacter sakazakii biogroups 1-4, 7, 8, 11 and 13 (Iversen et al., 2007, 2008).Several studies have shown that members of the Enterobacteriaceae may have beneficial effects on plant development when they are associated with the plants as rhizobacteria (Lodewyckx et al., 2002;Taghavi et al., 2009). They improve plant growth via nitrogen fixation, suppression of plant pathogens and production of phytohormones and enzymes involved in the metabolism of growth regulators such as ethylene, 1-aminocyclopropane 1-carboxylic acid (ACC), auxins and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) (Gyaneshwar et al., 2001; Kämpfer et al., 2005;Taghavi et al., 2009).During a study of di...

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“…The strains from these three subspecies were grouped together with sequence analysis based on 16S rRNA, F-AFLP and ribotyping 22 . Based on these results the three biogroups were designated as three subspecies 33 . These subspecies are generally dulcitol negative and indole production is variable 32 .…”

Section: Taxonomymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This subspecies was accepted as a distinct species, namely Cronobacter malonaticus after subsequent DNA-DNA hybridisation indicated that the C. malonaticus strains had DNA homology values of less than 70 % with the other Cronobacter species 33 . There is a high level of similarity between C. sakazakii and C. malonaticus and sequence analysis based on 16S rRNA is not sufficient to distinguish between these two species 22,31,33 . Biochemical differentiation between the two species can be accomplished by testing for the utilisation of malonate, although a small number of C. sakazakii strains do utilize malonate 34 .…”

Section: Phylogenymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cronobacter sakazakii (Enterobacter sakazakii): An Emerging Foodborne Pathogen

Fakruddin¹,

Rahaman²,

Ahmed³

et al. 2013

Int J of Biomed & Adv Res

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Cronobacter sakazakii (Enterobacter sakazakii) is an emerging pathogen that causes necrotizing enterocolitis, sepsis, and meningitis. This bacterium is opportunistic pathogen and is linked with life-threatening infections in neonates and elderly persons. It is considered as ubiquitous organism and can be found in a broad range of foods & food ingredients and in water, in a variety of areas, including hospitals and houses though outbreaks most commonly associated with the ingestion of contaminated powdered infant formula (PIF). International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods has ranked C. sakazakii a “severe hazard for restricted populations.” It poses high tolerance to environmental stresses such as osmotic stress, elevated temperature etc. and decontamination processes and has broad antibiotic resistance and resistance to bile salts and disinfectants. Cronobacter sakazakii may survive in macrophage cells and efficiently attach to and invade epithelial cell lines, produce exopolysaccharide, form biofilm and has active efflux pumps. Controlling the organism in the production environment, thereby reducing dissemination, necessitates the provision of suitable diagnostic tools. Appropriate measures by parents, food and infant formula manufacturers, and health care providers, as well as understanding of the pathogenesis, are important in the prevention of C. sakazakii-related infections.

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Cited by 502 publications

References 5 publications

Lack of continuity between Cronobacter biotypes and species as determined using multilocus sequence typing

Lack of continuity between Cronobacter biotypes and species as determined using multilocus sequence typing

Mangrovibacter plantisponsor gen. nov., sp. nov., a nitrogen-fixing bacterium isolated from a mangrove-associated wild rice (Porteresia coarctata Tateoka)

Cronobacter sakazakii (Enterobacter sakazakii): An Emerging Foodborne Pathogen

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