Cronología Del Periodo Medio en El Valle De Azapa, Norte De Chile: Estilos, Fechados Y Contextos Culturales Del Poblamiento Humano

Ovalle, Iván Muñoz

doi:10.4067/s0717-73562019005001801

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Azapa 75 T119 (AZ75 T119) is an infant from a site that lies in the Azapa Valley in the Arica region of Northern Chile (Figure 3). The chronology of this site shows evidence of Late Formative (~2300 BP, Aufderheide et al, 2002) to Late Intermediate Period (~735 BP, Muñoz Ovalle, 2019) occupation. One hundred and fifteen burials have been excavated.…”

Section: Considering the Role Of Calcium Deficiency In The Pathogenes...mentioning

confidence: 79%

The role of dietary calcium in the etiology of childhood rickets in the past and the present

Vlok

Snoddy

Niranjan

et al. 2022

American J Hum Biol

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For more than two centuries, lack of sunlight has been understood to cause vitamin D deficiency and documented as a primary cause of rickets. As such, evidence of rickets in the archeological record has been used as a proxy for vitamin D status in past individuals and populations. In the last decade, a clinical global consensus has emerged wherein it is recognized that dietary calcium deficiency also plays a role in the manifestation of rickets and classic skeletal deformities may not form if dietary calcium is normal even if vitamin D is deficient. This disease is now clinically called "nutritional rickets" to reflect the fact that rickets can take calcium deficiency-predominant or vitamin D deficiency-predominant forms. However, there are currently no paleopathological studies wherein dietary calcium deficiency is critically considered a primary etiology of the disease. We review here the interplay of calcium, vitamin D, and phosphorous in bone homeostasis, examine the role of dietary calcium in human health, and critically explore the clinical literature on calcium deficiency-predominant rickets. Finally, we report a case of rickets from the late Formative Period ($2500-1500 years ago) of the Atacama Desert and argue the disease in this infant is likely an example of calcium deficiencypredominant rickets. We conclude that most archeological cases of rickets are the result of multiple micronutrient deficiencies that compound to manifest in macroscopic skeletal lesions. For clinicians, these factors are important for implementing best treatment practice, and for paleopathologists they are necessary for appropriate interpretation of health in past communities.

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Section: Considering the Role Of Calcium Deficiency In The Pathogenes...mentioning

confidence: 79%

The role of dietary calcium in the etiology of childhood rickets in the past and the present

Vlok

Snoddy

Niranjan

et al. 2022

American J Hum Biol

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“…During the Middle period (1050–850 BP), in the Arica region, Late Tiwanaku groups settled in the Moquegua valleys, establishing interactions and influencing local Formative groups (Korpisaari et al 2014; Muñoz 2019).…”

Section: Spatio-temporal Scopementioning

confidence: 99%

MODELING LONG-TERM HUMAN POPULATION DYNAMICS USING KERNEL DENSITY ANALYSIS OF ¹⁴C DATA IN THE ATACAMA DESERT (18º–21ºS)

et al. 2023

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Food production is one of the most significant achievements in Andean history. The domestication of plants and animals presented an enormous challenge, relating to changing technologies, settlement patterns, and social organization. This paper aims to assess Atacama Desert population dynamics and their relationship to the domestication of plants and animals through chronological modeling using kernel density estimation on radiocarbon (14C) dates, assuming that a higher 14C probability density is related to more intense human occupation. The analysis is based on a 14C dataset comprising 1003 14C dates (between 11,000 and 150 BP) from 243 archaeological sites in the Arica and Tarapacá regions of northern Chile, collected from published data. We observed two population-dynamics inflection points for these regions. First, starting at ca. 3000 BP, constant population growth occurred, which was related to horticulture in the Arica region and to agriculture in the Tarapacá region. Second, between ca. 1000 and 400 BP, a general population rise occurred due to the consolidation of intensive agriculture in the lowlands and precordillera altitudinal belts in both regions and the integration of the coast and the altiplano into macro-regional population dynamics.

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“…These changes would have been mediated by the presence of colonies from the highlands who had been influenced by more complex economic and political formations. In recent years, this proposal has been modified to some extent, giving greater agency to the Formative coastal and local populations in their social and economic transformations (e.g., Muñoz 2019; Núñez and Santoro 2011).…”

Section: Historical and Social Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Violence and Social Tension in the Atacama Desert: Osteobiography of a Woman from the Tarapacá 40 Formative Period Cemetery

Herrera-Soto

González-Ramírez

Díaz³

et al. 2023

Latin Am. antiq.

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Physical violence and social conflict have been widely studied in the ancient societies of the Andes. However, studies about violence are scarce for the Formative period of northern Chile (1000 BC–AD 900). Evidence from these investigations is generally interpreted as interpersonal violence, whose protagonists are mostly men. Here, we present the case of an adult female recovered from the Tarapacá 40 cemetery (Tarapacá region, Chile) displaying lesions suggestive of trauma. We reconstruct her life and death in the context of this era's social and political conditions. Results of our bioanthropological characterization, cranial trauma analysis, carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis, and recording of the funerary offerings suggest she was a local member of the Formative community buried in the Tarapacá 40 cemetery and that she suffered intentional lethal lesions. Her death is unusual because there are no previous bioarchaeological records of lethal violence against women in the Tarapacá region. The osteobiography of this woman reflects a context characterized by an increase in inequality and social complexity, whereby physical violence could be used as a mechanism of internal regulation and exercise of power during the Formative period.

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Cronología Del Periodo Medio en El Valle De Azapa, Norte De Chile: Estilos, Fechados Y Contextos Culturales Del Poblamiento Humano

Cited by 4 publications

References 7 publications

The role of dietary calcium in the etiology of childhood rickets in the past and the present

The role of dietary calcium in the etiology of childhood rickets in the past and the present

MODELING LONG-TERM HUMAN POPULATION DYNAMICS USING KERNEL DENSITY ANALYSIS OF ¹⁴C DATA IN THE ATACAMA DESERT (18º–21ºS)

Physical Violence and Social Tension in the Atacama Desert: Osteobiography of a Woman from the Tarapacá 40 Formative Period Cemetery

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Cronología Del Periodo Medio en El Valle De Azapa, Norte De Chile: Estilos, Fechados Y Contextos Culturales Del Poblamiento Humano

Cited by 4 publications

References 7 publications

The role of dietary calcium in the etiology of childhood rickets in the past and the present

The role of dietary calcium in the etiology of childhood rickets in the past and the present

MODELING LONG-TERM HUMAN POPULATION DYNAMICS USING KERNEL DENSITY ANALYSIS OF 14C DATA IN THE ATACAMA DESERT (18º–21ºS)

Physical Violence and Social Tension in the Atacama Desert: Osteobiography of a Woman from the Tarapacá 40 Formative Period Cemetery

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Product

Resources

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MODELING LONG-TERM HUMAN POPULATION DYNAMICS USING KERNEL DENSITY ANALYSIS OF ¹⁴C DATA IN THE ATACAMA DESERT (18º–21ºS)