CROPSIM — WHEAT: A model describing the growth and development of wheat

Abstract

weather scenarios]roiw-heat, a number of simulation models are already available, but most of these do not appear to be set-up to facilitate easy comparison of model outputs with experimental data, to allow easy modification for new cultivars' and to facilitate the addition of disease routines, an aspect necessary for models to be useful in the general field situation. Cropsimwheat was developed to help overcome some of these deficiencies.The model assumes ttrat a crop consists of a collection of uniform plants, and performs calculations on a daily basis. It is driven by daily weather data dealing with solar radiation receipt, maxinum and minimum temperatures, and precipitation' W-ater and nitrogen u"t"o"" subroutines arl included, and the rate ofvarious crop processes is modularcd through the use of multipliers that reflect the water and nitrogen states of the crop. Developmenal processes are simulated using the concept of "biological days", a time measure that eqirates to chronological days under optimum conditions. The phases into which the life-cycle is broken relate closely to those in the widely usea "ZaAorc'; scale. Drymatter accumulation is calculated from intercepted radiatiol' and distributed largely on the basis of dtmand. A minimum fraction of daily assimilate, however, is reserved for root growth, paf area is compited on the basis of potential leaf size and available dry matter, whereas stem and spike areas are calculated from the stem a11d spike weights. Bothleaf and stem area arc used in calculating radiation inlelcenrion, Critical stresses' water saturation during *ly r""dfig growth and low temperature during the winter perid, can result in plant death. Low temperatures' when they occur around heading, can also result in sterility and reduced grain number.

Climate change, wheat productivity and water use in the North China Plain: A new super-ensemble-based probabilistic projection

“…Many crop models simulate the developmental rate of winter wheat based on the cardinal temperatures for full development stage such as CERES-Wheat (Ritchie, 1991;Hoogenboom et al, 2004). In previous studies on winter wheat, T b , T o , and T m is generally set to 0-1, 20-25, and 30-35 • C, respectively (Penning de Vries et al, 1989;Reilly, 1996;McMaster et al, 1992;Hunt and Pararajasingham, 1995;Wang and Engel, 1998;White et al, 2003;Li et al, 2008). The ranges of cardinal temperatures used in the present study represent well the current knowledge in literatures.…”

Evaluation of NASA satellite- and assimilation model-derived long-term daily temperature data over the continental US

“…Wheat phenology was simulated using the CSM-Cropsim-CERES-Wheat model, Version 4.0.2.0 (Jones et al, 2003;Hoogenboom et al, 2004), which contains features of Cropsim (Hunt and Pararajasingham, 1995) and CERES-Wheat (Ritchie, 1991;Ritchie et al, 1998). Vernalization and photoperiod effects on development are specified in species, ecotype and cultivar parameter files.…”

Padrões de Projeto Aplicados a Modelos de Simulação do Crescimento e Desenvolvimento de Culturas

“…A alimentação do modelo consiste em características da planta do trigo (cultivares), dados de clima (radiação solar, temperatura mínima, temperatura máxima e precipitação), assim como práticas agronômicas, data de semeadura e espaçamento [12].…”