Cross-border COVID-19 spread amidst malaria re-emergence in Venezuela: a human rights analysis

Correa-Salazar, Catalina; Amon, Joseph J

doi:10.1186/s12992-020-00648-2

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…For example, some malaria prevention interventions like ITN distribution and malaria-related training were halted because of discouraging gatherings. The observed pattern has been reported elsewhere [ 62 , 63 ]. Educational gatherings are helpful in supporting behaviors to prevent and control malaria.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Treatment-seeking and uptake of malaria prevention strategies among pregnant women and caregivers of children under-five years during COVID-19 pandemic in rural communities in South West Uganda: a qualitative study

et al. 2022

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Background Despite efforts to avert the negative effects of malaria, there remain barriers to the uptake of prevention measures, and these have hindered its eradication. This study explored the factors that influence uptake of malaria prevention strategies among pregnant women and children under-five years and the impact of COVID-19 in a malaria endemic rural district in Uganda. Methods This was a qualitative case study that used focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, and key informant interviews involving pregnant women, caregivers of children under-five years, traditional birth attendants, village health teams, local leaders, and healthcare providers to explore malaria prevention uptake among pregnant women and children under-five years. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and data were analyzed using thematic content approach. Results Seventy-two participants were enrolled in the Focus Group Discussions, 12 in the in-depth interviews, and 2 as key informants. Pregnant women and caregivers of children under-five years were able to recognize causes of malaria, transmission, and symptoms. All participants viewed malaria prevention as a high priority, and the use of insecticide-treated mosquito bed nets (ITNs) was upheld. Participants' own experiences indicated adverse effects of malaria to both pregnant women and children under-five. Home medication and the use of local herbs were a common practice. Some participants didn’t use any of the malaria prevention methods due to deliberate refusal, perceived negative effects of the ITNs, and family disparity. The Corona Virus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) control measures did not abate the risk of malaria infection but these were deleterious to healthcare access and the focus of malaria prevention. Conclusions Although pregnant women and caregivers of children under-five years recognized symptoms of malaria infection, healthcare-seeking was not apt as some respondents used alternative approaches and delayed seeking formal healthcare. It is imperative to focus on the promotion of malaria prevention strategies and address drawbacks associated with misconceptions about these interventions, and promotion of health-seeking behaviors. As COVID-19 exacerbated the effect of malaria prevention uptake and healthcare seeking, it’s critical to recommit and integrate COVID-19 prevention measures in normative living and restrict future barriers to healthcare access.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Treatment-seeking and uptake of malaria prevention strategies among pregnant women and caregivers of children under-five years during COVID-19 pandemic in rural communities in South West Uganda: a qualitative study

et al. 2022

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“…Movement of infectious diseases such as malaria and COVID-19 across borders poses a major obstacle to achieving and maintaining elimination [1,9,10]. The ndings in our study have revealed that 6 asymptomatic infections detected, accounting for 5.6% of all migrant population from Vietnam.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Malaria Knowledge and Infection Among Migrant Population in the China-vietnam Border: A Questionnaire-based Survey

Zhang²,

Yu³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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BackgroundBorder malaria remain as one of the greatest challenges facing elimination in China. Malaria control interventions among migrant population across border relies on personal protection from mosquito bites. Understanding the knowledge of the link between mosquitoes and malaria will inform malaria control and elimination programmes on those targeted risk population.MethodsFrom March 2018 to September 2019, 108 migrant workers from Vietnam were enrolled conducted in Ning Ming County in Guangxi. Each people were interviewed using the structured questionnaires. Blood samples were collected and sent to the PCR detection and sequenced.ResultsMalaria knowledge was poor with 19.4% on transmission, 23.2% on clinical symptoms, 7.4% on awareness of the risk of death, and 14.8% on awareness of prevention methods. No significant difference was found among occupations except for migrant workers, whose knowledge rate were higher than other occupations. Most of the participants (80.6%) had mosquito nets and 73.2% of them had 2 persons who were under the bed net at night. The usage rate of bed-nets accounted for over 49.1%. For parasitological study, 5.6% (n = 6) of all participants infected tested positive for malaria, and no statistically significant differences in the positive rate among different age, sex, family size, nationality, occupation and different behaviors.ConclusionThe health education focus on the high risk population such as migrant workers and forest goers should be strengthened. Therefore, health education based on verbal communication such as web, radio, and mobile phone may be required under the COVID-19 pandemic situation. Further risk assessment of importation and proactive case detection should also be carried out, not only in Ningming County, but also in other border counties in Guangxi, which aimed to timely detect the patients, as well as the asymptomatic infections that could cause the re-establishment of malaria.

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“…As the pandemic continued, new light was shed on the effect of LAC migrant crises on public health and vaccination policies [ 136 ]. Venezuela was deeply impacted [ 137 , 138 ]. By August 2022, more than 6.8 million Venezuelans fled the country due to political, social, and economic turmoil in what is now considered the largest international displacement in LAC in contemporary history [ 136 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Updated Surveillance Metrics and History of the COVID-19 Pandemic (2020-2023) in Latin America and the Caribbean: Longitudinal Trend Analysis

Post,

Wu,

Soetikno

et al. 2024

JMIR Public Health Surveill

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Background In May 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) the epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic, with over 40% of worldwide COVID-19–related deaths at the time. This high disease burden was a result of the unique circumstances in LAC. Objective This study aimed to (1) measure whether the pandemic was expanding or contracting in LAC when the WHO declared the end of COVID-19 as a public health emergency of international concern on May 5, 2023; (2) use dynamic and genomic surveillance methods to describe the history of the pandemic in the region and situate the window of the WHO declaration within the broader history; and (3) provide, with a focus on prevention policies, a historical context for the course of the pandemic in the region. Methods In addition to updates of traditional surveillance data and dynamic panel estimates from the original study, we used data on sequenced SARS-CoV-2 variants from the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID) to identify the appearance and duration of variants of concern (VOCs). We used Nextclade nomenclature to collect clade designations from sequences and Pangolin nomenclature for lineage designations of SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, we conducted a 1-sided t test for whether the regional weekly speed (rate of novel COVID-19 transmission) was greater than an outbreak threshold of 10. We ran the test iteratively with 6 months of data across the period from August 2020 to May 2023. Results The speed of pandemic spread for the region had remained below the outbreak threshold for 6 months by the time of the WHO declaration. Acceleration and jerk were also low and stable. Although the 1- and 7-day persistence coefficients remained statistically significant for the 120-day period ending on the week of May 5, 2023, the coefficients were relatively modest in magnitude (0.457 and 0.491, respectively). Furthermore, the shift parameters for either of the 2 most recent weeks around May 5, 2023, did not indicate any change in this clustering effect of cases on future cases. From December 2021 onward, Omicron was the predominant VOC in sequenced viral samples. The rolling t test of speed=10 became entirely insignificant from January 2023 onward. Conclusions Although COVID-19 continues to circulate in LAC, surveillance data suggest COVID-19 is endemic in the region and no longer reaches the threshold of the pandemic definition. However, the region experienced a high COVID-19 burden in the early stages of the pandemic, and prevention policies should be an immediate focus in future pandemics. Ahead of vaccination development, these policies can include widespread testing of individuals and an epidemiological task force with a contact-tracing system.

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Cross-border COVID-19 spread amidst malaria re-emergence in Venezuela: a human rights analysis

Cited by 9 publications

References 17 publications

Treatment-seeking and uptake of malaria prevention strategies among pregnant women and caregivers of children under-five years during COVID-19 pandemic in rural communities in South West Uganda: a qualitative study

Treatment-seeking and uptake of malaria prevention strategies among pregnant women and caregivers of children under-five years during COVID-19 pandemic in rural communities in South West Uganda: a qualitative study

Malaria Knowledge and Infection Among Migrant Population in the China-vietnam Border: A Questionnaire-based Survey

Updated Surveillance Metrics and History of the COVID-19 Pandemic (2020-2023) in Latin America and the Caribbean: Longitudinal Trend Analysis

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