Cross-border response of mosses to heavy metal atmospheric deposition in Southeastern Bulgaria and European Turkey

Çoşkun, Mahmut; Yurukova, Lilyana; Çayır, Akın; Gecheva, Gana

doi:10.1007/s10661-008-0553-6

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Thus, lithogenic component as possible source of heavy metals in Bourgas settled dusts can be discarded. Another possible explanation for the very high regional concentrations of As and heavy metals is identified by moss monitoring of long‐distance trans‐boundary pollution from Turkey coming from two glass factories [ Coskun et al , 2009]. On the other hand, extremely high content of As is accompanied by very high Cu content in the sample B2o from Burgas, suggesting that this pollution may be caused by emissions from Cu‐smelting industry in the region.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetism of outdoor and indoor settled dust and its utilization as a tool for revealing the effect of elevated particulate air pollution on cardiovascular mortality

Jordanova

Lanos

et al. 2012

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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[1] Settled indoor and outdoor dusts in urban environment represent an important source of secondary pollution. Magnetic characteristics of the settled dust from six cities in Bulgaria are explored, allowing comparison on a national (country) scale. Monthly variations of the mass-specific magnetic susceptibilities (c indoor ) and (c outdoor ) and calculated dust loading rates for a period of 17 months do not show seasonal variability, probably due to the dominant role of traffic-related emissions and soil-derived particles in the settled dust. The main magnetic mineral is magnetite, present as spherules and irregular particles of pseudo-singledomain grain sizes. Systematically lower remanence coercivities are obtained for outdoor dusts when compared with the corresponding indoor samples, implying that penetration of smaller particles of ambient origin indoors is the main source of the indoor dust. Mean yearly values of the ratio (c indoor /c outdoor ) for each city show statistically significant correlation with mortality due to cardiovascular diseases. This ratio reveals the source-and site-specific importance of the anthropogenically derived toxicogenic fraction. Heavy metal content of the settled dust is related to the contribution from several pollution sources (soil-derived, combustion and industrial), discriminated through analysis of principal components. SEM/EDX analyses reveal abundant presence of anthopogenic Fe-containing spherules, irregular particles and diesel exhaust conglomerates. High molecular weight polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) dominate the total PAH content of the outdoor dust samples. The observed linear correlation between total PAH content, coercivity of remanence and the ratio M rs /c suggest either adsorption of PAHs on iron oxide particles and especially magnetite, or emission related increase in total PAH concentration along with a decrease of effective magnetic grain size of the accompanying magnetic fraction. Jordanova, D., N. Jordanova, P. Lanos, P. Petrov, and T. Tsacheva (2012), Magnetism of outdoor and indoor settled dust and its utilization as a tool for revealing the effect of elevated particulate air pollution on cardiovascular mortality, Geochem.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetism of outdoor and indoor settled dust and its utilization as a tool for revealing the effect of elevated particulate air pollution on cardiovascular mortality

Jordanova

Lanos

et al. 2012

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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“…The major removal mechanisms for arsenic suspended in air include gravitational dry deposition and wet scavenging (Andreae et al, 1998;Tsopelas et al, 2008;Coskun et al, 2009;Harmens et al, 2010). In dry deposition, arsenic usually presents as a mixture of arsenites As (III) and arsenates As (V) (Mandal andSuzuki, 2002, Serbula et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Arsenic Deposition in Chiayi County in Southern Taiwan

Lin

et al. 2013

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Although arsenic contamination of underground water in southern Taiwan is well known, few studies examine atmospheric arsenic deposition in this area, which might be the major source of such pollution to the soil, water, and even underground water. This research focused on the atmospheric arsenic concentration, dry and wet depositions, and the As distribution around Chiayi County, located in the south of Taiwan. Eight sampling sites are used, both upwind and downwind of an area with heavy industrial and human activities. All samples were collected by a PS-1 high volume sampler at each site, pretreated by a digestion process, and further analyzed with an ICP-MS. The results show that the arsenic deposition flux ranged from 65.0 to 473 μg/m 2 -month in Chiayi County. This deposition flux has no significant seasonal variation, based on the multiple trend results obtained from pooling the dry and wet deposition data. The average dry deposition flux of As ranged from 34 to 161 μg/m 2 -month during the sampling year, and had the opposite trend to the wind speed. Additionally, the correlations between atmospheric arsenic concentration and PM levels were significant, supported by the low p-value (< 0.01) at a 99% confidence level. Meanwhile, the highly linear correlation between As and PM concentrations was also evaluated. The amount of precipitation was statistically correlated to the wet deposition flux (11.3-414 μg/m 2 -month with a p-value = 2 × 10 -7 and r-value = 0.9306. Furthermore, the composition of the As mass concentrations in ambient air were dominated by As (V) in both fall (66.4%) and winter (68.9%). According to the GIS spatial analysis of the As concentration in the dry season, from October to March, the As contribution of local emissions were not significant. Consequently, this study indicates that the atmospheric As around Chiayi County might be sourced from the upwind northern area, and mainly deposited through wet scavenging.

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“…Similar studies were carried out in 2000 by the Vysehrad Group countries—Hungary, Czech Republic, Poland and Slovakia (Suchara et al 2007). Biomonitoring studies utilising mosses include also the local cases, such as a pilot study comparing the sorption properties of various moss species in Latvia 1993 (Ceburnis et al 1997); determination of the concentrations of heavy metals in moss samples collected around the industrial facilities in Estonia, in 1992, 1997 and 2002, carried out to estimate the distribution of the deposition of these metals in the vicinity of their sources (Liiv and Kaasik 2004); studies in the Romanian city of Baia Mare hosting several copper, zinc and lead works (Culicov et al 2002); studies in Bulgaria and the European part of Turkey (Coşkun et al 2009); studies in Greece (Yurukova et al 2009) and studies in Belgrade, where moss samples collected in autumn 2004 were analysed using the neutron activation analysis (INAA) to determine 36 elements and to indicate their main sources—fuel burning for energy production and vehicle emissions (Aničić et al 2007). Determination of heavy metals accumulated in mosses were also carried out in Vietnam (Nguyen-Viet et al 2007), Pakistan (Rahman et al 2000) and in the South Ural (Smirnov et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms for Translocation of Heavy Metals from Soil to Epigeal Mosses

Kłos

Czora

Rajfur

et al. 2011

Water Air Soil Pollut

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The mechanisms for translocation of heavy metals from soil to epigeal mosses were investigated. The first mechanism was demonstrated for 137Cs and involved the uplifting of the pollutant-containing dust from the soil, followed by the local secondary deposition on surfaces of epigeal mosses and epiphytic lichens. The second mechanism involved the diffusion of metal cations from the soil through water wetting the moss into the gametophyte. The mechanism was demonstrated by measuring the electric conductance of wetted gametophytes with single ends immersed in solutions of Cu and Na salts. In addition, the concentrations of Cu and Cd were compared in moss samples exposed to the natural soil and to the soil contaminated with the metals. The exposition to the contaminated soil resulted in the statistically significant increase of metal concentrations in the gametophytes.

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Cross-border response of mosses to heavy metal atmospheric deposition in Southeastern Bulgaria and European Turkey

Cited by 9 publications

References 14 publications

Magnetism of outdoor and indoor settled dust and its utilization as a tool for revealing the effect of elevated particulate air pollution on cardiovascular mortality

Magnetism of outdoor and indoor settled dust and its utilization as a tool for revealing the effect of elevated particulate air pollution on cardiovascular mortality

Atmospheric Arsenic Deposition in Chiayi County in Southern Taiwan

Mechanisms for Translocation of Heavy Metals from Soil to Epigeal Mosses

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