Cross‐correlation analysis of the maintained discharge of rabbit retinal ganglion cells.

Arnett, D.; Spraker, T E

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1981.sp013812

Cited by 89 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Later, crosscorrelation analysis revealed that neighbouring ganglion cells can exhibit strong correlations among their discharges (Arnett 1978;Arnett & Spraker 1981;Mastronarde 1989;Sakai & Naka 1990;Meister et al 1995;Brivanlou et al 1998). We have extended these observations with multi-electrode recordings performed simultaneously in the retina, the LGN and the visual cortex (Neuenschwander & Singer 1996).…”

Section: Retinal Origin Of Response Synchronizationmentioning

confidence: 64%

Feed-forward synchronization: propagation of temporal patterns along the retinothalamocortical pathway

Neuenschwander

Baron

Singer

2002

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B

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Visual responses in the cortex and lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) are often associated with synchronous oscillatory patterning. In this short review, we examine the possible relationships between subcortical and cortical synchronization mechanisms. Our results obtained from simultaneous multi-unit recordings show strong synchronization of oscillatory responses between retina, LGN and cortex, indicating that cortical neurons can be synchronized by oscillatory activity relayed through the LGN. This feed-forward synchronization mechanism operating in the 60 to 120 Hz frequency range was observed mostly for static stimuli. In response to moving stimuli, by contrast, cortical synchronization was independent of oscillatory inputs from the LGN, with oscillation frequency in the range of 30 to 60 Hz. The functional implications of synchronization of activity from parallel channels are discussed, in particular its signi cance for signal transmission and cortical integration processes.

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Section: Retinal Origin Of Response Synchronizationmentioning

confidence: 64%

Feed-forward synchronization: propagation of temporal patterns along the retinothalamocortical pathway

Neuenschwander

Baron

Singer

2002

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B

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“…The interpretation that broad peaks such as these originate in presynaptic synchronization is not new (e.g. Arnett, 1975;Arnett & Spraker, 1981;Sears & Stagg, 1976), but the separation of the effects of the different inputs by the experimental manipulations we have employed here has not been achieved before. The nearest compatible results are those of Noda, Manohar & Adey (1969) and Noda & Adey (1970), who demonstrated large changes in the strength of synchronization of neurones in the hippocampus and the association cortex, respectively, with different behavioural states of unanaesthetized cats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in the time course of the synchronization of intercostal motoneurones in the cat

Kirkwood

Sears

Tuck

et al. 1982

The Journal of Physiology

139

117

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SUMMARY1. Synchronization of intercostal motoneurones was studied by the construction of cross-correlation histograms which related the firing times of paired groups of efferent inspiratory or expiratory discharges recorded from filaments of the external or internal nerves of anaesthetized or decerebrate cats.2. The principal feature of the histograms was always a central peak but the time course of the central peak showed considerable variation. Three forms of synchronization were defined on the basis of the time course of the central peak: (i) short-term synchronization (Sears & Stagg, 1976), where the peak was narrow, extending over about + 3 ms but sometimes with weak shoulders to about + 5 ms; (ii) broad-peak synchronization where the peak was wider than this (often + 20 ms or more) but where there were no strong periodicities; (iii) high-frequency oscillation (h.f.o.) synchronization, which was named from the related phenomena in medullary and phrenic recordings (Cohen, 1979), where there were periodic peaks on either side of the central peak with a frequency in the range 60-120 Hz. Combinations of these forms of synchronization were seen in some histograms.3. When different animals were compared, broad peak synchronization was seen in association with light anaesthesia and with polysynaptic excitation of the motoneurones from muscle spindle afferents. 4. In individual animals, additional anaesthesia depressed both broad peak and h.f.o. synchronization.5. Raising PA, co2, which increased the respiratory drive to the motoneurones, favoured short-term or h.f.o. synchronization at the expense of broad-peak synchronization.6. In three decerebrate animals only short-term or h.f.o. synchronization was seen. 7. Spinal cord lesions above or below the segments ofinterest promoted broad-peak synchronization, even with high PA, co, or deep anaesthesia.8. We conclude: (i) that short-term synchronization, due mainly to the branching of presynaptic axons, is generated mainly by those axons which transmit the respiratory drive, that drive providing most of the excitation of the motoneurones

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“…In some cases there was an obvious functional significance attached to the occurrence of strong peaks. For instance, Arnett (1975) and Arnett & Spraker (1981) only found significant peaks for the lateral geniculate or retinal ganglion cells when their receptive field centres overlapped. On the other hand, for Noda & Adey (1970) and for Feldman et at.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other authors have reported that cross-correlation peaks are strongest when the two neurones concerned are anatomically close, for instance when both are recorded by a single electrode (Noda & Adey, 1970; Arnett, 1975;Vachon & Duffin, 1978;Arnett & Spraker, 1981;153 P. A. KIRKWOOD AND OTHERS Feldman et al 1980). In some cases there was an obvious functional significance attached to the occurrence of strong peaks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The spatial distribution of synchronization of intercostal motoneurones in the cat

Kirkwood

Sears

Stagg

et al. 1982

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY a 1. The three different types of synchronization of intercostal motoneurones which were described in the preceding paper (Kirkwood, Sears, Tuck & Westgaard, 1982) were studied for motoneurones of the same segment or for different segmental separations (up to five segments) and for motoneurones on opposite sides of the same segment.2. The strength ofsynchronization declined with segmental separation for all three categories, although the rate of decline was more variable for broad-peak synchronization than for the two other types. Short-term synchronization was undetectable for separations greater than three or four segments but clear peaks were still visible in the cross correlation histograms for high-frequency oscillation (h.f.o.) or broad-peak synchronization at a segmental separation of five. Synchronization between motoneurones on opposite sides of the cord was generally weak although less so for broad-peak or h.f.o. components.3. The decline in strength ofshort-term synchronization with segmental separation could not be explained by temporal dispersion of impulses in presynaptic axons. 4. A time shift was observed in the position of the cross-correlation histogram peak which was dependent on segmental separation and equivalent to a mean descending conduction velocity of 28 m/s in the assumed common input. This figure is similar to the mean conduction velocity of bulbospinal respiratory neurones derived from published values.5. We conclude that the short-term synchronization in these preparations is generated by the bulbospinal respiratory neurones and that the majority of their axons do not branch to make strong synaptic connexions to motoneurones over more than three to four segments.6. Interpretations ofthe different distributions ofthe other types ofsynchronization are discussed.

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Cross‐correlation analysis of the maintained discharge of rabbit retinal ganglion cells.

Cited by 89 publications

References 29 publications

Feed-forward synchronization: propagation of temporal patterns along the retinothalamocortical pathway

Feed-forward synchronization: propagation of temporal patterns along the retinothalamocortical pathway

Variations in the time course of the synchronization of intercostal motoneurones in the cat

The spatial distribution of synchronization of intercostal motoneurones in the cat

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