Cross-Cultural Validation of the Reactive-Proactive Aggression Questionnaire (RPQ) Using Four Large Samples from the US, Hong Kong, and China

Tuvblad, Catherine; Dhamija, Devika; Berntsen, Leslie; Raine, Adrian; Liu, Jianghong

doi:10.1007/s10862-015-9501-2

Cited by 30 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…It was confirmed that the structure with two interrelated factors and residual covariances has the best adjustment indicators regarding the other models, that is, aggression is constituted as a construct that can be measured by the RPQ from two dimensions, reactive and proactive aggression (Andreu et al, 2009;Raine et al, 2006), which allow the assessment of mixed aggression (Penado et al, 2014), as both are correlated (r=.663, p<.001). Also, this confirmed model coincides with previous cross-cultural reports (e.g Brugman et al, 2017;Fung et al, 2009;Pechorro et al, 2017;Tuvblad et al, 2016;Dinić & Raine, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Currently, different studies have reviewed and obtained a solution of two correlated factors that have demonstrated the best fit, even in cross-cultural validations, findings that support the conceptual differences of PA and RA (e.g. Brugman et al, 2017 ; Fung, Raine, & Gao, 2009 ; Pechorro, Kahn, Ray, Raine, & Gonçalves, 2017 ; Tuvblad, Dhamija, Berntsen, Raine, & Liu, 2016 ). These differenes have not been reported in Latin America to date, particularly in studies of the structural confirmation of this construct, much less on its specific population variations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factorial Analysis and Invariance Testing for Age and Gender of the Reactive-Proactive Aggression Questionnaire (RPQ)

Toro¹,

García-García²,

Basurto³

2020

Int. j. psychol. res.

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Reactive aggression is characterized by high emotional activation, impulsivity, and hostility, while proactive aggression presents a cold, instrumental, and planned strategy. The aim was to perform a psychometric analysis of the Reactive-Proactive Aggression Questionnaire [RPQ]. A non-probability sample of 502 people between 18 and 40 years old was formed, grouped by sex (n=297, 59.2% women and n=205, 40.8% men) and age (n = 224, 44.62% under 25 years old and n=278, 55.38% over 25 years old). The instruments were the RPQ, the Anger Rumination Scale (ARS), and an affective scale (PANAS) in printed format. In this instrumental psychometric study, we found that the RPQ fits better in a model of two factors interrelated with residual covariances (CFI = .928, RMSEA = .044), presenting significant correlations with negative affect and anger rumination, as evidence of validity of concurrent criterion, especially with reactive aggression (anger rumination r = .542, and negative affect r = .359). Also, the test was not invariant between sexes and ages, given that the best fit was in the male sex and those under 25 years of age (∆CFI < 0.01, ∆RMSEA < 0.015). We concluded that women and adults over the age of 25 have a different aggressive response profile. These findings represent new directions of research around the measurement of aggressive behavior and the development of gender differentiated interventions for adolescents and young adults.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factorial Analysis and Invariance Testing for Age and Gender of the Reactive-Proactive Aggression Questionnaire (RPQ)

Toro¹,

García-García²,

Basurto³

2020

Int. j. psychol. res.

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“…However, the current study additionally examined alternative factor solutions by using an EFA, which, to our knowledge, has never been used before regarding the RPQ in an adult sample. Previously, other factor solutions have been investigated with respect to children (Tuvblad, Dhamija, Berntsen, Raine, & Liu, ). Regarding adults, on the other hand, previous research mainly focused on investigating a one‐factor model in comparison with a two‐factor model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the reactive proactive questionnaire in adults in forensic and non‐forensic settings: A variable‐ and person‐based approach

Brugman

Cornet

Smeijers

et al. 2016

Aggressive Behavior

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The Reactive Proactive Questionnaire (RPQ) was originally developed to assess reactive and proactive aggressive behavior in children. Nevertheless, some studies have used the RPQ in adults. This study examines the reliability of the RPQ within an adult sample by investigating whether reactive and proactive aggression can be distinguished at a variable-and person-based level. Male adults from forensic samples (N ¼ 237) and from the general population (N ¼ 278) completed the RPQ questionnaire. Variable-based approaches, including factor analyses, were conducted to verify the two-factor model of the RPQ and to examine alternative factor solutions of the 23 items. Subsequently, a person-based approach, i.e., Latent Class Analysis (LCA), was executed to identify homogeneous classes of subjects with similar profiles of aggression in the observed data. The RPQ proved to have sufficient internal consistency. Multiple-factor models were examined, but the original two-factor model was statistically and theoretically considered as most solid and in line with previous research. The multi-level LCA identified three different classes of aggression severity (class 1 showed low aggressive behavior; class 2 subjects displayed modest aggression levels; and class 3 exhibited the highest level of aggressive behavior). In addition, class 1 and 2 showed more reactive than proactive aggression, whereas class 3 displayed comparable levels of reactive/proactive aggression. The RPQ appears to have clinical relevance for adult populations in the way that it can distinguish severity levels of aggression. Before the RPQ is implemented in adult populations, norm scores need to be developed. Aggr. Behav. 43:155-162, 2017.

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“…The RPQ contained 12 items measuring proactive aggression (e.g., “Had fights with others to show who was on top”), and 11 items on reactive aggression (e.g., “Reacted angrily when provoked by others”). The reliability and validity of the Chinese versions of the scale are adequate (Quan et al, 2019; Tuvblad, Dhamija, Berntsen, Raine, & Liu, 2016; Zhang, Jia, Chen, & Zhang, 2014). Cronbach's α in the current sample at Time 1 was .83 (Reactive Scale) and .88 (Proactive Scale), and it was .81 (Reactive Scale) and .88 (Proactive Scale) at Time 2.…”

Section: Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

The longitudinal relationship between angry rumination and reactive–proactive aggression and the moderation effect of consideration of future consequences‐immediate

Wang

Cao

Qin

et al. 2020

Aggressive Behavior

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The idea that influential factors for two subtypes of aggression (reactive and proactive aggression) should be different is popular, but the common influential factors have not been examined. Such an examination could help understand the influential factors of aggression from the perspective of multiple motivations affecting the development of aggressive motivations over time. The present study argued that angry rumination would be a common influential factor for both reactive and proactive aggression. In addition, consideration of future consequences (CFC) may moderate the longitudinal effect of angry rumination on proactive aggression. Two studies were conducted to test these hypotheses. In Study 1, a cross-lagged analysis with a 6-month interval was employed. A total of 505 undergraduate students (46% males) completed the questionnaires twice. Results indicated that after a 6-month period, angry rumination predicted reactive aggression but not proactive aggression. Furthermore, reactive aggression predicted angry rumination over time. In Study 2, a moderation analysis was performed with another 437 participants (130 males). The results partly supported our hypotheses, indicating that CFC-immediate (CFC-I) moderated the longitudinal effect of angry rumination on proactive aggression. The present results extended prior research regarding the predictors of proactive and reactive aggression and may contribute to a greater understanding of the development of aggressive motivation. In addition, our research suggested that high CFC-I may be an important factor for the motivation change from reactive aggression to proactive aggression.

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Cross-Cultural Validation of the Reactive-Proactive Aggression Questionnaire (RPQ) Using Four Large Samples from the US, Hong Kong, and China

Cited by 30 publications

References 31 publications

Factorial Analysis and Invariance Testing for Age and Gender of the Reactive-Proactive Aggression Questionnaire (RPQ)

Factorial Analysis and Invariance Testing for Age and Gender of the Reactive-Proactive Aggression Questionnaire (RPQ)

Examining the reactive proactive questionnaire in adults in forensic and non‐forensic settings: A variable‐ and person‐based approach

The longitudinal relationship between angry rumination and reactive–proactive aggression and the moderation effect of consideration of future consequences‐immediate

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