Cross-Linked Bacterial Cellulose Networks Using Glyoxalization

Quero, Franck; Nogi, Masaya; Lee, Koon‐Yang; Poel, Geert Vanden; Bismarck, Alexander; Mantalaris, Athanasios; Yano, Hiroyuki; Eichhorn, Stephen J.

doi:10.1021/am101065p

Cited by 50 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Prior to crosslinking, cationic cellulose films exhibited elastic moduli very similar to that of unmodified cellulose, indicating that the integrity of the bulk films was not compromised by the cationisation reaction. As expected, crosslinking stiffens the cellulose films [and reduces swelling when exposed to moisture (Quero et al 2011)], but, notably (and unexpectedly) the influence of crosslinking on the surface shear moduli was significantly greater than the effect on the bulk. An almost tenfold increase in surface shear modulus occurred upon crosslinking unmodified films (Fig.…”

Section: Modulation Of Scaffold Properties: Crosslinkingsupporting

confidence: 57%

“…Previously, we have demonstrated that surface modification, to introduce a positive surface charge to cellulose (Scheme 1), allows cell attachment in the absence of matrix ligands (Courtenay et al 2017). Here we demonstrate the minimal level of surface modification required and combine this with modulation of the mechanical properties of the scaffold material, achieved by crosslinking with glyoxal (Ramires et al 2010), which results in formation of acetal and hemiacetal linkages upon curing (Scheme 2) (Schramm and Rinderer 2000), yielding films with increased elastic moduli depending on degree of crosslinking (Quero et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…While native cellulose requires the presence of matrix ligands to facilitate cell attachment due to the lack of integrin binding sites on the substrate (Wu et al 2003;Zou et al 2001;Pelton 2009), chemical modification may be employed to alter surface chemistry, allowing cell attachment (Courtenay et al 2017). Scaffolds produced from cellulose can range from hard composites blended with hydroxyapatite (Jiang et al 2008), to soft hydrogels (Torres-Rendon et al 2015), as well as variably crosslinked materials including oxidised cellulose crosslinked with diamines (Syverud et al 2015), or other crosslinking agents such as glyoxal, glutaraldehyde or diisocyanates (Quero et al 2011;Puspasari et al 2015). It is hypothesised that changing the elastic modulus of cellulose scaffolds can influence how cells respond and spread on the surface through mechanotransduction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modulating cell response on cellulose surfaces; tunable attachment and scaffold mechanics

Courtenay

Deneke²,

Lanzoni³

et al. 2017

Cellulose

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Combining surface chemical modification of cellulose to introduce positively charged trimethylammonium groups by reaction with glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride (GTMAC) allowed for direct attachment of mammalian MG-63 cells, without addition of protein modifiers, or ligands. Very small increases in the surface charge resulted in significant increases in cell attachment: at a degree of substitution (DS) of only 1.4%, MG-63 cell attachment was [ 90% compared to tissue culture plastic, whereas minimal attachment occurred on unmodified cellulose. Cell attachment plateaued above DS of ca. 1.85% reflecting a similar trend in surface charge, as determined from f-potential measurements and capacitance coupling (electric force microscopy). Cellulose film stiffness was modulated by cross linking with glyoxal (0.3-2.6% degree of crosslinking) to produce a range of materials with surface shear moduli from 76 to 448 kPa (measured using atomic force microscopy). Cell morphology on these materials could be regulated by tuning the stiffness of the scaffolds. Thus, we report tailored functionalised biomaterials based on cationic cellulose that can be tuned through surface reaction and glyoxal crosslinkin?g, to influence the attachment and morphology of cells. These scaffolds are the first steps towards materials designed to support cells and to regulate cell morphology on implanted biomaterials using only scaffold and cells, i.e. without added adhesion promoters.Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi

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Section: Modulation Of Scaffold Properties: Crosslinkingsupporting

confidence: 57%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modulating cell response on cellulose surfaces; tunable attachment and scaffold mechanics

Courtenay

Deneke²,

Lanzoni³

et al. 2017

Cellulose

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“…It was reported that inelasticity is facilitated by high humidity, and it was proposed that here inelasticity is caused by inter-fibrillar debonding and possible sliding. Inter-fibrillar hydrogen bonds can be weakened and broken by water molecules, leading to breakage of hydrogen bonds and reduced inter-fibrillar friction (Benitez et al 2013;Quero et al 2011). Robust cellulose nanopapers have been produced by hot pressing, with inelastic behaviour being more pronounced for less well pressed nanopapers (Ö sterberg et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toughening mechanisms in cellulose nanopaper: the contribution of amorphous regions

Mao

Meng

et al. 2017

Cellulose

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Cellulose nanopaper is a strong and tough fibrous network composed of hydrogen bonded cellulose nanofibres. Upon loading, cellulose nanopaper exhibits a long inelastic portion of the stress-strain curve which imparts high toughness into the material. Toughening mechanisms in cellulose nanopaper have been studied in the past but mechanisms proposed were often rather speculative. In this paper, we aim to study potential toughening mechanisms in a systematic manner at multiple hierarchical levels in cellulose nanopaper. It was proposed that the toughness of cellulose nanopaper is not, as is often assumed, entirely caused by large scale inter-fibre slippage and reorientation of cellulose nanofibres. Here it is suggested that dominant toughening mechanism in cellulose nanopaper is associated with segmental motion of molecules facilitated by the breakage of hydrogen bonds within amorphous regions .

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“…Cotton fibers (cellulose) and cellulose nanofibers from softwood which are chemically identical have also been cross-linked using GA to modify their properties [35,36]. Recently, some research for cross-linking BC and BC/ fibrin using glyoxal or GA has also been reported [37,38]. However, effects of cross-linking of membrane-like BC-PVA composites have not been investigated yet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial cellulose-based membrane-like biodegradable composites using cross-linked and noncross-linked polyvinyl alcohol

Qiu

Netravali

2012

J Mater Sci

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Bacterial cellulose (BC)-based membrane-like biodegradable composites were produced by immersing wet BC pellicles in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution. The BC content in the BC-PVA composites can be adjusted by varying the concentration of PVA solution. Chemical cross-linking of PVA was carried out using glutaraldehyde to increase the mechanical properties of the composites as well as to make the PVA partially to highly water insoluble. Examination by scanning electron microscopy indicated that the PVA not only penetrated the BC network, but also filled the pores within the BC pellicle. Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that acetal linkages could be formed in the BC-PVA composites by a cross-linking reaction. Sol-gel results indicated that cross-linking reaction increasingly made PVA insoluble in water resulting in higher gel (crosslinked fraction) content in the PVA. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction results showed decreased crystallinity in crosslinked BC and PVA, as expected. It was also found that crystal size was smaller in PVA after cross-linking. The BC-PVA composites had excellent tensile properties and cross-linking increased these properties further. Thermogravimetric analysis showed higher thermal stability for BC-PVA composites compared to PVA. The cross-linked specimens, especially the highly cross-linked ones, showed even higher thermal stability. The methods developed in this study make it possible to control the PVA content in the composites as well as the cross-linking level of PVA. These composites could be good candidates for replacing traditional non-biodegradable plastics.

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Cross-Linked Bacterial Cellulose Networks Using Glyoxalization

Cited by 50 publications

References 46 publications

Modulating cell response on cellulose surfaces; tunable attachment and scaffold mechanics

Modulating cell response on cellulose surfaces; tunable attachment and scaffold mechanics

Toughening mechanisms in cellulose nanopaper: the contribution of amorphous regions

Bacterial cellulose-based membrane-like biodegradable composites using cross-linked and noncross-linked polyvinyl alcohol

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