Near-monodispersed,
colloidally stable, submicrometer-sized poly(acid
phosphoxy ethyl methacrylate) (PAPEMA) latex particles were synthesized
by free-radical dispersion polymerization using poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PNVP) as both a steric colloidal stabilizer and
a precipitating agent. Polymerization in the absence of PNVP led to
a homogeneous transparent solution of PAPEMA, which indicates that
the PNVP is essential for latex formation and the complex of PNVP
and PAPEMA was formed during the dispersion polymerization. Dispersion
copolymerizations with a divinyl cross-linking comonomer (∼20
wt % based on acid phosphoxy ethyl methacrylate) were also successful
in synthesizing near-monodispersed, colloidally stable cross-linked
PAPEMA latex particles, and the softness and pK
a values of the resulting PAPEMA latex particles can be controlled
by varying the divinyl comonomer concentration. These sterically stabilized
latex particles were characterized by electron microscopy, dynamic
light scattering, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, elemental microanalysis,
and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Characterization results
indicated that the PNVP colloidal stabilizer was likely to be located
homogeneously on the particle surfaces and within the interior of
particles. Finally, it was demonstrated that the PAPEMA latex particles
worked as an effective surface modifier for metal surfaces.