Cross-national invariance of the entrepreneurial orientation scale

Hansen, Jo‐Ida C.; Deitz, George D.; Tokman, Mert; Marino, Louis; Weaver, K. Mark

doi:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2009.05.003

Cited by 107 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In other words, formative modeling of EO represents another construct, which is not an alternative conceptualization of the same construct (Covin & Lumpkin, 2011;Covin & Miller, 2013;Covin & Wales, 2012). In contrast, some researchers advocated the formative approach; they discussed the independency (Kreiser et al, 2002;Lumpkin & Dess, 1996aMoreno & Casillas, 2008) and the unique contribution of each dimension in the whole construct (Hansen, Deitz, Tokman, Marino, & Weaver, 2011). They argued that the formative measurement model can bestow researchers with important information on the distinct consequences of each dimension, and may result in more detailed conclusions.…”

Section: Another Question That Needs To Be Answered Is What Is the Namentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Innovativeness in EO studies is a better fit with the second conceptualization (Vora, Vora, & Polley, 2012), which explains it as the tendency and capacity of a company to engage in innovation that should be separated from established practices and technologies (Hansen et al, 2011;Parkman, Holloway, & Sebastiao, 2012).…”

Section: Another Question That Needs To Be Answered Is What Is the Namentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They regularly search for market opportunities and try to find proper responses to their environmental changes (Venkatraman, 1989b). In clear words, proactiveness is an organizational posture or disposition which is characterized by an opportunity-seeking, forward-looking perspective that forecasts and acts upon forthcoming wants and needs (Rauch et al, 2009;Wiklund & Shepherd, 2005) and actively challenges rivals in hunting propitious opportunities (Hansen et al, 2011). This orientation helps companies to monitor trends, identify future needs, understand changes in demand and find favorable new opportunities (Dess & Lumpkin, 2005).…”

Section: Another Question That Needs To Be Answered Is What Is the Namentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The last indicator of the triad of EO that reflects the propensity to assign resources to projects with high possibility of both return and failure (Hansen et al, 2011;Knight, 2000) is known as risk-taking. The outcome of a risky project is not clear, and the cost of failure is usually high (Miller & Friesen, 1982;Wiklund & Shepherd, 2005).…”

Section: Another Question That Needs To Be Answered Is What Is the Namentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are several studies that have applied an EO version of 8 items (e.g. Baker & Sinkula, 2009;Hansen et al, 2011;Kreiser et al, 2002) or even fewer (e.g. Zahra & Garvis, 2000).…”

Section: Eo and Ce: The Measurement Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Internationalization of SMEs: An Interactive Perspective of Firm-Level Entrepreneurship and Network Structure

Hosseini¹

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The positive relationship of firm-level entrepreneurship and performance has received much attention in recent years and has become an attractive title in the entrepreneurship literature. This popularity encourages researchers to study the role played by the phenomenon on other organizational outputs such as internationalization. Until now, the majority of international studies have put their attention on the conceptual explanation of the interaction, and the number of empirical studies on the subject is few. Furthermore, almost all the empirical studies have been performed in developed and emerging markets, and developing areas such as the Middle East are nearly ignored. In the real context of Iranian business, policymakers support entrepreneurship as a proven way to improve the internationalization of smaller companies. Following this assumption, several supportive plans have been designed and executed which aim to increase the entrepreneurial status of SMEs as a way to enhance their internationalization. A question worth answering here is: Does having a better entrepreneurial stature mean better internationalization for Iranian SMEs? To answer this question and to fill the gap in the literature on the subject, this research explains the relationship of firm-level entrepreneurship and the internationalization of Iranian SMEs. To resolve the current conceptualization problem of firm-level entrepreneurship and to respect a broad conceptualization of entrepreneurship, a profile measurement model was employed in which companies are classified into four different groups: non-entrepreneurial, forced entrepreneurial, latent entrepreneurial, and actual entrepreneurial. This profile model incorporates the two popular constructs of entrepreneurial orientation and corporate entrepreneurship to determine the entrepreneurial stature of a company. Surprisingly, while the literature predicted the highest level of internationalization for actual entrepreneurial companies, the forced entrepreneurial firms showed the best internationalization in reality. The only exception was when the environments became very hostile, in which the actual entrepreneurial SMEs suppressed the forced entrepreneurial, showing better internationalization. These unexpected conclusions led the researcher to consider the complementary role of business networks. A case study approach was applied. The results revealed the importance of actor type in the decision to enter a foreign market, structural holes in identifying international opportunities, and network closure in realizing the opportunities. In simpler words, the forced entrepreneurial company held a better position to receive the information about international markets because most actors who dealt with them where international companies. In addition, it enjoyed an external network rich of structural holes and a dense internal network, which respectively facilitated the exploration and exploitation of subsequent international opportunities. All in all, however, firm-level entrepreneurship seems a...

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Section: Another Question That Needs To Be Answered Is What Is the Namentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Another Question That Needs To Be Answered Is What Is the Namentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Another Question That Needs To Be Answered Is What Is the Namentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Another Question That Needs To Be Answered Is What Is the Namentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are several studies that have applied an EO version of 8 items (e.g. Baker & Sinkula, 2009;Hansen et al, 2011;Kreiser et al, 2002) or even fewer (e.g. Zahra & Garvis, 2000).…”

Section: Eo and Ce: The Measurement Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Internationalization of SMEs: An Interactive Perspective of Firm-Level Entrepreneurship and Network Structure

Hosseini¹

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National Culture and Entrepreneurial Orientation

Kreiser

2015

Wiley Encyclopedia of Management

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This article examines the current research trends and future research directions related to national culture and firm‐level entrepreneurial orientation. The key current research trends explored are (i) the impact of national culture on the individual dimensions of EO and (ii) the impact of institutions that are reflective of national culture on EO. The directions for future research highlight (i) the need for further research assessing the impact of cultural differences on the measurement of EO and (ii) The need for research assessing the impact of national culture and institutions on the relationship between EO and performance. Taken together, future research studies should examine possible cross‐cultural measurement issues related to EO, as well as the impact of national culture and institutions on the relationship between EO and other organizational variables, in order to further refine our understanding of the EO construct.

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Family firm performance: The influence of entrepreneurial orientation and absorptive capacity

Perlines

Moreno‐Garcia

Yáñez-Araque

2017

Psychology and Marketing

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This article investigates the influence of entrepreneurial orientation and absorptive capacity on family firm performance. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS‐SEM) was used to analyze empirical data for 218 Spanish family firms. Absorptive capacity positively mediated the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and family firm performance. This total mediation effect suppressed the direct effect of entrepreneurial orientation on family firm performance. A major implication of this finding is that for family firms to improve their performance through entrepreneurial orientation, absorptive capacity must act as a mediator.

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Cross-national invariance of the entrepreneurial orientation scale

Cited by 107 publications

References 43 publications

The Internationalization of SMEs: An Interactive Perspective of Firm-Level Entrepreneurship and Network Structure

The Internationalization of SMEs: An Interactive Perspective of Firm-Level Entrepreneurship and Network Structure

National Culture and Entrepreneurial Orientation

Family firm performance: The influence of entrepreneurial orientation and absorptive capacity

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