Cross-Protection in Animals Infected With Group a Arthropod-Borne Viruses

Hearn, Henry J.; Rainey,; Cullen, Theresa

doi:10.21236/ad0288867

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Numerous reports have confirmed that the infection of experimental animals with an arbovirus results in a degree of protection against a subsequent infection with another serologically related virus (Hammon & Sather, I956;Traub, I961;Allen, 1962;Wisseman et al 1962;Casals, 1963;Hearn & Rainey, 1963;Price et al 1963). For example, mice immunized with Mayaro virus may survive a normally lethal challenge with Chikungunya, Semliki Forest or Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses (Allen, 1962).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Such cross challenge studies, with the group A arboviruses, are of particular interest since this cross protection occurs in the absence of close antigenic relationships, as determined by serum neutralization tests (Casals, 1963). Although several hypotheses have been proposed (Traub, 1961;Wisseman et al 1962;Casals, i963;Hearn & Rainey, 1963;Thind & Price, I968), the mechanisms of cross protection among group A arboviruses have not been elucidated. The studies described here emphasize the involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) in cross protection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Features of Cross Protection Between Sindbis and Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Viruses in Mice--Relationship of Route of Immunization to Protection

Fine

Allen

Wilkins

1974

Journal of General Virology

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SUMMARYIn the immunization of mice with Sindbis virus, a central nervous system infection elicits greater cross protection against lethal challenges with Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus than do infections initiated by extraneural routes. Infective Sindbis virus administered intraperitoneally, subcutaneously or intravenously was considerably less cross protective than a single inoculation of the virus into the cerebrum, yet similar levels of homologous neutralizing antibody at 28 days post-inoculation were elicited by the host, regardless of the route by which the virus was administered. Cross protection was correlated with invasion by, and replication of, Sindbis virus within the central nervous system and histopathological changes in the brain. The lowest levels of VEE virus infectivity were recovered from the brains of mice previously infected with Sindbis virus by the intracerebral route.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Features of Cross Protection Between Sindbis and Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Viruses in Mice--Relationship of Route of Immunization to Protection

Fine

Allen

Wilkins

1974

Journal of General Virology

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“…In addition to providing opportunities for cross-reactivity, there is strong epidemiologic evidence linking many of these alphaviruses with human illness. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] In addition, laboratory and epidemiologic observations have shown some cross-protection among alphaviruses, [21][22][23][24] although other studies contradict those find-ings. 25,26 In an attempt to resolve its role in alphaviral disease and epidemiology, we first assessed cross-protection in mice and hamsters first infected with VEEV and MAYV, the most prevalent alphaviruses infecting humans in the Amazon region of Peru, and challenged with EEEV.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endemic Eastern Equine Encephalitis in the Amazon Region of Peru

Aguilar¹,

Robich²,

Turell³

et al. 2007

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) causes severe neurologic disease in North America, but only two fatal human cases have been documented in South America. To test the hypothesis that alphavirus heterologous antibodies cross-protect, animals were vaccinated against other alphaviruses and challenged up to 3 months later with EEEV. Short-lived cross-protection was detected, even in the absence of cross-neutralizing antibodies. To assess exposure to EEEV in Peru, sera from acutely ill and healthy persons were tested for EEEV and other alphavirus antibodies, as well as for virus isolation. No EEEV was isolated from patients living in an EEEV-enzootic area, and only 2% of individuals with febrile illness had EEEV-reactive IgM. Only 3% of healthy persons from the enzootic region had EEEV-neutralizing antibodies. Our results suggest that humans are exposed but do not develop apparent infection with EEEV because of poor infectivity and/or avirulence of South American strains.

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“…[12][13][14][15] Individual strains of CHIK are closely related antigenically, 9,16,17 and infection with one CHIK strain leads to protection against all strains. 18 Reciprocal cross-protection after infection with other alphaviruses occurs in animal models, 19,20 although it is unclear if similar cross protection occurs in humans sequentially exposed to natural infection or live alphavirus vaccines. 21 An isolate from a patient in Thailand, CHIK strain 15561, was used to develop a small lot of vaccine first passaged in green monkey kidney (GMK) cells and then formalin-inactivated before administration to 16 volunteers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase II safety and immunogenicity study of live chikungunya virus vaccine TSI-GSD-218.

Edelman¹,

Tacket²,

Wasserman³

et al. 2000

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

284

229

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Abstract. We conducted a phase II, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, safety and immunogenicity study of a serially passaged, plaque-purified live chikungunya (CHIK) vaccine in 73 healthy adult volunteers. Fiftynine volunteers were immunized one time subcutaneously with the CHIK vaccine and 14 were immunized with placebo (tissue culture fluid). Vaccinees were clinically evaluated intensively for one month, and had repeated blood draws for serological assays (50% plaque-reduction neutralization test) for one year. Except for transient arthralgia in five CHIK vaccinees, the number and severity of local and systemic reactions and abnormal laboratory tests after immunization were similar in CHIK vaccinees and placebo recipients. Fifty-seven (98%) of 58 evaluable CHIK vaccinees developed CHIK neutralizing antibody by day 28, and 85% of vaccinees remained seropositive at one year after immunization. No placebo recipients seroconverted. This promising live vaccine was safe, produced well-tolerated side effects, and was highly immunogenic.

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Cross-Protection in Animals Infected With Group a Arthropod-Borne Viruses

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Features of Cross Protection Between Sindbis and Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Viruses in Mice--Relationship of Route of Immunization to Protection

Features of Cross Protection Between Sindbis and Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Viruses in Mice--Relationship of Route of Immunization to Protection

Endemic Eastern Equine Encephalitis in the Amazon Region of Peru

Phase II safety and immunogenicity study of live chikungunya virus vaccine TSI-GSD-218.

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