Cross-reactions of immunoglobulin M and G antibodies with enterovirus-specific viral structural proteins

Abstract

SUMMARYWe analysed the reactivity ofenterovirus-specific human IgM and IgG antibodies with the structural proteins ofdifferent enteroviruses by the immunoblot technique. In general, all immunoglobulin G antibodies of the tested sera reacted with capsid polypeptide VP 1 of the viruses tested (echoviruses 9 and 11, coxsackievirus B3 and poliovirus 2). In contrast, enterovirus specific immunoglobulin M antibodies of adults reacted with capsid polypeptides VP 1, VP 2, and/or VP 3 of the viruses mentioned above. The reactions with VP 2 and/or VP 3 were often stronger than with VP 1. lgM antibodies from sera of newborns infected by echovirus 11 reacted with VP 1 and VP 2/3 of echovirus 11 and also with VP 2 and VP 3 of poliovirus 2. Preabsorption experiments indicate that cross-reactive IgG antibodies react with epitopes of VP 1 not present on the surface of intact virus particles. The results from the immunoblot technique were compared to data from microneutralization tests and M-antibody capture radioimmunoassays.

Identification of group-common linear epitopes in structural and nonstructural proteins of enteroviruses by using synthetic peptides

“…In contrast, the number of sera reacting with the other peptides representing regions of VP2, VP3, and VP4 capsid proteins was very low, and the absorbance values obtained were lower than those obtained with the most-immunoreactive peptides of VP1. Our results are consistent with the data from previous studies performed by Western blot showing that the cross-reactivity of IgG antibodies is directed almost exclusively to VP1 antigens (25,33). Other investigators using peptide-scanning techniques to identify antigenic regions of poliovirus type 3 (Sabin) have found that a large number of peptides representing regions in VP1, VP2, and VP3 capsid proteins bound significant amounts of IgG antibodies.…”

“…Two of our selected peptides from VP1, as well as the El peptide chosen from the literature (34), showed consistent reactivity with most of the sera in our panel. It seems likely that these peptides represent epitopes located on VP1 which have been shown to contain cross-reactive determinants by the immunoblotting technique (25,32,33). In contrast, the number of sera reacting with the other peptides representing regions of VP2, VP3, and VP4 capsid proteins was very low, and the absorbance values obtained were lower than those obtained with the most-immunoreactive peptides of VP1.…”

“…Enterovirus group-common determinants are exposed in defective, heated, or disrupted virions (7,8,20,22,23,29). It has been shown by the immunoblotting technique that cross-reactive immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies reacted only with epitopes of capsid protein VP1, which is not present on the surface of intact virus particles (25,33). According to some authors (4, 25), cross-reactive enterovirus IgM antibodies reacted exclusively with VP1, although reactions with VP2 and VP3 have subsequently been demonstrated elsewhere (33).…”

Detection of enterovirus‐specific total and polymeric IgA antibodies in serum using a synthetic peptide or heated virion antigen in ELISA

“…Enteroviruses include 69 serotypes; polioviruses, coxsackieviruses, echoviruses, and enteroviruses 68-72 [Rueckert, 19901. Considerable antigenic homology between individual serotypes has been shown by serological cross-reactivity in different assays [Halonen et al, 1959;Forsgren, 1968;Dorries and Ter Meulen, 1983;Mertens et al, 1983;Torfason et al, 1984;Riegel et al, 1985;GlimAker et al, 1990;Pozzeto et al, 1990;Samuelson et al, 19901. Furthermore, heterotypic enteroviral IgM and IgG antibody responses have been well documented in serum of many patients with acute enterovirus infections [Torfason et al, 1984[Torfason et al, ,1992Bell et al, 1986;Magnius et al, 1988;Boman et al, 1992;Swanink et al, 1993;Samuelson et al 1993bl.…”

Identification of Group-Common Linear Epitopes in Structural and Nonstructural Proteins of Enteroviruses by Using Synthetic Peptides

“…Knowledge of the primary structure and genetic organization of enteroviruses has increased recently (31,35,40), and it has been shown that conserved sequences can be found in structural and nonstructural proteins among enteroviruses. Considerable antigenic homology between individual serotypes has been shown by serological cross-reactivity in assays such as the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (36,42), the radioimmunoassay (28,41), complement fixation (15), the hemadsorption technique (13), gel double diffusion (6,37,38), and the immunoblotting technique (4,25,32,33). Enterovirus group-common determinants are exposed in defective, heated, or disrupted virions (7,8,20,22,23,29).…”