Cross-reactive memory T cells and herd immunity to SARS-CoV-2

Lipsitch, Marc; Grad, Yonatan H.; Sette, Alessandro; Crotty, Shane

doi:10.1038/s41577-020-00460-4

Cited by 248 publications

(265 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…This concept is supported by studies in mice showing that airway memory CD4 + T cells recognizing a conserved SARS-CoV epitope provided protection from related CoVs (1). Similar scenarios in which pre-existing T cells may provide earlier viral clearance and thus less severe symptoms have been proposed elsewhere (33). Here, the level of conservation between antigens may have a substantial impact on whether pre-existing T cells are beneficial or detrimental for the host.…”

Section: Cross-reactive T Cellssupporting

confidence: 53%

The known unknowns of T cell immunity to COVID-19

2020

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Section: Cross-reactive T Cellssupporting

confidence: 53%

The known unknowns of T cell immunity to COVID-19

2020

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“…As shown in Figure 4 the PHCW had a higher CD4 + T cell reactivity than the SIP and NHCW, in particular against the Spike protein (S). This data is compatible with the notion that the CD4 + T cell reactivity to SARS-CoV-2 sequences detected in SIP and NHCW is due to CCC exposure ( 15 , 23 , 28 ), while the reactivity detected in PHCW is due to SARS-CoV-2 exposure.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…However, it is still unclear how pre-existing immunity impacts disease severity or clinical outcome after SARS-CoV-2 exposure ( 28 , 29 ) and if this could translate into a protective effect. While some studies suggest this could be the case ( 25 , 30 , 31 ), and exposure to CCC concomitantly results in a faster response of pre-existing memory cells to control SARS-CoV-2 infection, it cannot be excluded that CCC cross-reactivity could contribute to drive COVID-19 immunopathogenesis ( 32 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential T cell reactivity to seasonal coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2 in community and health care workers

Antunes

Pallikkuth

Williams

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Herein we measured CD4+ T cell responses against common cold corona (CCC) viruses and SARS-CoV-2 in high-risk health care workers (HCW) and community controls. We observed higher levels of CCC reactive T cells in SARS-CoV-2 seronegative HCW compared to community donors, consistent with potential higher occupational exposure of HCW to CCC. We further show that SARS-CoV-2 reactivity of seronegative HCW was higher than community controls and correlation between CCC and SARS-CoV-2 responses is consistent with cross-reactivity and not associated with recent in vivo activation. Surprisingly, CCC reactivity was decreased in SARS-CoV-2 infected HCW, suggesting that exposure to SARS-CoV-2 might interfere with CCC responses, either directly or indirectly. This result was unexpected, but consistently detected in independent cohorts derived from Miami and San Diego.

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“…Comparatively less is known about the features of immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 that protect against severe disease, as most cohorts profiled to date have included only hospitalized patients. Neutralizing antibodies and virus-specific T cell responses have been detected in mildly symptomatic patients, providing evidence of a successful adaptive immune response across the disease spectrum (22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27). Notably, patients with mild COVID-19 have much lower levels of proinflammatory plasma cytokines, suggesting that the immune response in mild disease can eradicate the virus without triggering the hyperinflammatory state observed in severe cases (9,11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-omic profiling reveals widespread dysregulation of innate immunity and hematopoiesis in COVID-19

Wilk

Lee

Wei

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Our understanding of protective vs. pathologic immune responses to SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is limited by inadequate profiling of patients at the extremes of the disease severity spectrum. Here, we performed multi-omic single-cell immune profiling of 64 COVID-19 patients across the full range of disease severity, from outpatients with mild disease to fatal cases. Our transcriptomic, epigenomic, and proteomic analyses reveal widespread dysfunction of peripheral innate immunity in severe and fatal COVID-19, with the most profound disturbances including a prominent neutrophil hyperactivation signature and monocytes with anti-inflammatory features. We further demonstrate that emergency myelopoiesis is a prominent feature of fatal COVID-19. Collectively, our results reveal disease severity-associated immune phenotypes in COVID-19 and identify pathogenesis-associated pathways that are potential targets for therapeutic intervention.One Sentence SummarySingle-cell profiling demonstrates multifarious dysregulation of innate immune phenotype associated with COVID-19 severity.

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Cross-reactive memory T cells and herd immunity to SARS-CoV-2

Cited by 248 publications

References 53 publications

The known unknowns of T cell immunity to COVID-19

The known unknowns of T cell immunity to COVID-19

Differential T cell reactivity to seasonal coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2 in community and health care workers

Multi-omic profiling reveals widespread dysregulation of innate immunity and hematopoiesis in COVID-19

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