Cross-Resistance and Baseline Susceptibility of Spirotetramat in <I>Frankliniella occidentalis</I> (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

Abstract

Western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), is an economically important pest all over the world. New products against thrips are necessary, as there are few effective compounds exhibiting cross-resistance among them. Lethal effects, cross-resistance, and baseline susceptibility to spirotetramat were evaluated in this study. A new bioassay method for testing thrips against spirotetramat was developed. Spirotetramat showed a significant mortality effect on larvae after 7 d of exposure, but a low effect was observed on adults. Baseline results for larval instars showed LC50 values ranging from 11.59 to 49.81 mg AI/liter, with a low natural variability (3.2-fold). Cross-resistance studies showed overlapping confidence limits of the LC50 values for laboratory-selected (against acrinathrin, methiocarb, formetanate, and spinosad) resistant and susceptible strains, and low resistance factors, from 0.5 to 1.9, suggesting no cross-resistance to conventional insecticides previously used. A slight ovicidal effect (21-40% reduction) was also detected. Despite presenting low effects on adults, spirotetramat showed high but slow efficacy on F. occidentalis larvae. Field populations in southeast Spain showed a consistent susceptibility to spirotetramat. Given the scarcity of effective products and the lack of cross-resistance to other insecticides, spirotetramat can be considered as a good chemical tool to control F. occidentalis.

Tracking mite trophic interactions by multiplex PCR

“…Anaphothrips obscurus specimens were reared following the procedures described in Gómez‐Martínez et al . Frankliniella occidentalis individuals were obtained from a colony initiated at IVIA in 2010 and originally collected at Campo de Cartagena (Murcia, Spain) . They were later reared following the procedures described by Debreczeni et al .…”

Cyantraniliprole: a valuable tool forFrankliniella occidentalis(Pergande) management

“…On the other hand, severe spinosad resistance has been attributed to a target‐site alteration . Scarcity of effective products and cross‐resistance issues make resistance to existing insecticides a recurring problem that requires the development of new approaches, such as incorporating new compounds or using synergistic mixtures . New insecticides not affected by existing resistance mechanisms that can be rotated with the existing insecticides to delay the development of resistance would be a valuable addition to current management tools.…”

Dissipation, residues and risk assessment of spirotetramat and its four metabolites in citrus and soil under field conditions by LC‐MS/MS

“…Acting as an inhibitor of acetyl‐CoA carboxylase, spirotetramat is used extensively to control insects because of its broad‐spectrum insecticidal capacity (Brück et al, ; Kay & Herron, ; Kumar & Kuttalam, ; Kumar, Kuttalam, & Chandrasekaran, ; Smiley, Marshall, & Yan, ). Spirotetramat reportedly shows no cross‐resistance to any other commercially available insecticide and appears to have no negative impacts on beneficial arthropods (Guillén, Navarro, & Bielza, ). However, it causes eye irritation and potential skin sensitisation in animals and humans (Zhu et al, ).…”

“…Spirotetramat reportedly shows no cross-resistance to any other commercially available insecticide and appears to have no negative impacts on beneficial arthropods (Guillén, Navarro, & Bielza, 2014).…”