Cross-sectional geometry of weight-bearing tibia in female athletes subjected to different exercise loadings

Nikander, Riku; Kannus, Pekka; Rantalainen, Timo; Uusi‐Rasi, Kirsti; Heinonen, Ari; Sievänen, Harri

doi:10.1007/s00198-009-1101-0

Cited by 98 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…This indicated that bone mass accrual from early adulthood to middle age is direction specific, corresponding with the change of strains. This observation is consistent with the direction-specific changes of bone geometry and mass distribution in people subjected to different exercise loading, (26,27) and it corroborates the mechanostat paradigm. (28) During aging physical activity level dropped, as demonstrated by the difference in LTPA score between mothers and grandmothers.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Is bone loss the reversal of bone accrual? evidence from a cross-sectional study in daughter-mother-grandmother trios

Wang

et al. 2010

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

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Bone adapts to mechanical loads applied on it. During aging, loads decrease to a greater extent at those skeletal sites where loads increase most in earlier life. Thus, the loss of bone may occur preferentially at sites where most bone has been deposited previously; ie, bone loss could be the directional reversal of accrual. To test this hypothesis, we compared the bone mass distribution at weight-bearing (tibia) and non-weight-bearing (radius) bones among 18-year-old girls, their premenopausal mothers, and their postmenopausal maternal grandmothers. Bone and muscle properties were measured by pQCT, and polar distribution of bone mass was obtained in 55 girl-mother-maternal grandmother trios. Site-matched differences in bone mass were compared among three generations. The differences between girls and mothers and between mothers and grandmothers were used to represent the patterns of bone mass accrual from early adulthood to middle age and bone loss from middle to old age, respectively. Compared to the mothers, 18-year old girls had less bone mass in the anterior and medial-posterior regions of the tibial shaft, while the grandmothers had less bone in the anterior and posterior regions. In contrast, the bone mass differences in the radial shaft between girls and mothers and mothers and grandmothers were relatively uniform. We conclude that both bone accrual and loss are direction-specific in weight-bearing bones but relatively uniform in non-weight-bearing bones. Bone loss in old age is largely, but not completely, a reversal of the preferential deposition of bone in the most highly loaded regions during early life. ß

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Is bone loss the reversal of bone accrual? evidence from a cross-sectional study in daughter-mother-grandmother trios

Wang

et al. 2010

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

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“…Notably, leanness sport and sport impact type were not associated with low femoral neck geometry or estimated strength or low BMD, contrary to reports from other investigators [1, 41,46,60,61]. Undoubtedly, various loading impacts from different sports have an influence on bone integrity [46,60,61] as do the factors related to leanness sports, such as menstrual cycle disturbances [40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Undoubtedly, various loading impacts from different sports have an influence on bone integrity [46,60,61] as do the factors related to leanness sports, such as menstrual cycle disturbances [40]. Other investigators studied primarily elite athletes or competitive athletes participating in specific sports [1, 41,46,60,61]; whereas, our data were obtained from a sample of competitive and recreational female athletes. It is possible that the effect of sport type was not as robust in the present study due to the inclusion of recreational athletes who may spend less time than elite and/or competitive athletes participating in their primary sport, may have fewer years of participation in their primary sport, and may participate in a variety of sports, thereby making it more difficult to observe clear differences in indices of bone health when grouped according to primary sport type.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Current and past menstrual status is an important determinant of femoral neck geometry in exercising women

Mallinson

Williams

Gibbs

et al. 2016

Bone

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“…This is supported in cross-sectional studies of athletes using peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography (pQCT), which describe a thicker cortex in the playing arm of tennis players [20], the tibia of triple jumpers [21] and in athletes from impact sports [22] compared with matched controls, with little or no differences in density [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Increased density and periosteal expansion of the tibia in young adult men following short-term arduous training

Izard¹,

Fraser

Negus³

et al. 2016

Bone

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2 AbstractPurpose: Few human studies have reported early structural adaptations of bone to weightbearing exercise, which provide a greater contribution to improved bone strength than increased density. This prospective study examined site-and regional-specific adaptations of the tibia during arduous training in a cohort of male military (infantry) recruits to better understand how bone responds in vivo to mechanical loading.Methods: Tibial bone density and geometry were measured in 90 British Army male recruits (ages 21 + 3 y, height 1.78 ± 0.06 m, body mass 73.9 + 9.8 kg) in weeks 1 (Baseline) and 10 of initial military training. Scans were performed at the 4%, 14%, 38% and 66% sites, measured from the distal end plate, using pQCT (XCT2000L, Stratec Pforzheim, Germany).Customised software (BAMPack, L-3 ATI) was used to examine whole bone cross-section and regional sectors. T-tests determined significant differences between time points (P<0.05).Results: Bone density of trabecular and cortical compartments increased significantly at all measured sites. Bone geometry (cortical area and thickness) and bone strength (i, MM i and BSI) at the diaphyseal sites (38 and 66%) were also significantly higher in week 10. Regional changes in density and geometry were largely observed in the anterior, medial-anterior and anterior-posterior sectors. Calf muscle density and area (66% site) increased significantly at week 10 (P<0.01). Conclusions:In vivo mechanical loading improves bone strength of the human tibia by increased density and periosteal expansion, which varies by site and region of the bone.These changes may occur in response to the nature and distribution of forces originating from bending, torsional and shear stresses of military training. These improvements are observed early in training when the osteogenic stimulus is sufficient, which may be close to the fracture threshold in some individuals.3

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Cross-sectional geometry of weight-bearing tibia in female athletes subjected to different exercise loadings

Cited by 98 publications

References 38 publications

Is bone loss the reversal of bone accrual? evidence from a cross-sectional study in daughter-mother-grandmother trios

Is bone loss the reversal of bone accrual? evidence from a cross-sectional study in daughter-mother-grandmother trios

Current and past menstrual status is an important determinant of femoral neck geometry in exercising women

Increased density and periosteal expansion of the tibia in young adult men following short-term arduous training

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