Cross sections for the production of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">C</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mprescripts /><mml:mrow /><mml:mrow><mml:mn>11</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow /><mml:mrow /></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:mrow></mml:math>in C targets by<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">C</mml:mi></mml:mr

Smith, Alan Р.; McCaslin, J.B.; Geaga, Jorge V.; Hill, J. C.; Vary, James P.

doi:10.1103/physrevc.28.1614

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The available data for target fragmentation induced by carbon projectiles is much more sparse than for protons. The few datapoints from experiments at the Bevalac (Smith et al 1983) and at the HIMAC accelerator (Yashima et al 2003(Yashima et al , 2004) compare reasonably well with the present cross sections while the newer datapoints from Salvador et al (2017) lie significantly higher. In contrast to the proton data (see figure 7), no rise of the 10 C and 11 C production cross sections on 12 C targets towards lower energies can be observed for incident carbon ions in the energy range investigated in this work.…”

Section: Pet Isotope Production Cross Sectionssupporting

confidence: 80%

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Measurement of PET isotope production cross sections for protons and carbon ions on carbon and oxygen targets for applications in particle therapy range verification

et al. 2019

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Measured cross sections for the production of the PET isotopes , and from carbon and oxygen targets induced by protons (40–220 ) and carbon ions (65–430 ) are presented. These data were obtained via activation measurements of irradiated graphite and beryllium oxide targets using a set of three scintillators coupled by a coincidence logic. The measured cross sections are relevant for the PET particle range verification method where accurate predictions of the emitter distribution produced by therapeutic beams in the patient tissue are required. The presented dataset is useful for validation and optimization of the nuclear reaction models within Monte Carlo transport codes. For protons the agreement of a radiation transport calculation using the measured cross sections with a thick target PET measurement is demonstrated.

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Section: Pet Isotope Production Cross Sectionssupporting

confidence: 80%

“…The 10 C reference data are from Salvador et al (2017). The 11 C reference data are from Smith et al (1983), Yashima et al (2003Yashima et al ( , 2004 and Salvador et al (2017). The dashed lines mark the FLUKA calculated thresholds for the 10 C and 11 C production reactions.…”

Section: Pet Isotope Production Cross Sectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of PET isotope production cross sections for protons and carbon ions on carbon and oxygen targets for applications in particle therapy range verification

et al. 2019

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“…Beam intensities for projectiles with Z =^ 10 were determined by counting of U C produced in polystyrene targets and comparison with accurately determined 12 C(RHI, X) n C cross sections (see, for example, Smith etal. 10 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

Electromagnetic Dissociation ofAu197by Relativistic Heavy Ions

et al. 1984

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Electromagnetic dissociation of 197 Au target nuclei by the Coulomb field of relativistic heavy ions (RHI) was inferred from measurements of 197 Au(RHI,X) 196 Au cross sections. RHI represents 2.1-GeV/nucleon p, 12 C, or 20 Ne, 1.8-GeV/nucleon 40 Ar, or 1.7-GeV/ nucleon 56 Fe projectiles. The experimental cross sections in excess of the estimated nuclear contributions are well described by use of the Weizsacker-Williams method for calculating the electromagnetic dissociation contributions. Electromagnetic-dissociation calculations are given for 197 Au projectiles at energies expected for the new generation of heavy-ion colliders.PACS numbers: 25.70.Np, 27.80. + w Dissociation of relativistic heavy ions (RHI) by Coulomb fields of target nuclei, i.e., electromagnetic dissociation (ED), was first reported by Heckman and Lindstrom 1 for 2.1-GeV/nucleon 12 C and 16 0. Subsequently ED was observed 2,3 for 1.88-GeV/nucleon 56 Fe and 1.7-GeV/nucleon 18 0 projectiles. This can be pictured as a process occurring when RHI pass near a high-Z target nucleus but outside the range of the nuclear force. A virtual photon from the Coulomb field is absorbed by the projectile resulting in the excitation of a giant multipole resonance. A similar process can occur in target nuclei. The resultant cross section o-ED has been calculated 1 " 3 by the Weizsacker-Williams (WW) method for virtual photons 4 and the method of Jackie and Pilkuhn. 5 Winther and Alder 6 calculated o-ED for both projectile and target excitation. Baur and Hoffman 7,8 have calculated o-ED for 56 Fe projectile and 197 Au target fragmentation. ED has not been observed in target fragmentation but would be expected for sufficiently high-Z projectiles. For heavy nuclei such as Au it is expected that deexcitation following ED would occur primarily through neutron channels because of the large Coulomb barrier for charged-particle emission.Recent calculations 9 indicate that cr ED can become very large for sufficiently heavy targetprojectile combinations. Calculations 9 of 197 Au fragmentation by 2.0-GeV/nucleon 56 Fe and 136 Xe give o-ED of 0.6 and 2.3 b, respectively. Observed cross sections of 234.0 mb (Ref. 3) for U( 18 0, 17 0)Xand 646 mb (Ref.2) for U( 56 Fe,Mn)X give an indication that such large cross sections may indeed occur. For 56 Fe fragmentation only the Mn elemental cross section was measured, and so the magnitude of the ED contribution is not clear. We report here experimental evidence for ED of 197 Au target nuclei. We measured cross sections for the production of various residues from 197 Au targets bombarded by 2.

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