Cross-shelf structure and distribution of mesozooplankton communities in the East-Siberian Sea and the adjacent Arctic Ocean

Ershova, E. A.; Kosobokova, Ksenia

doi:10.1007/s00300-019-02523-2

Cited by 23 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…That biomass is transported eastward with the Arctic boundary current waters, contributing significantly to zooplankton biomass in the EB. Although the numbers of C. finmarchicus decline dramatically already in the Kara Sea, it has been observed in low abundances as far east as the East Siberian Sea (Ershova and Kosobokova, 2019). It is presumed that all C. finmarchicus biomass in the Arctic Ocean are allochtonous, since no reproduction or early life stages have ever been registered here for this species.…”

Section: Effects Of Atlantification On Consumer Trophic Levelsmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Despite the increasing inflow of PW into the CS region, the long residence time on the broad and shallow northern Bering/Chukchi shelf serves as a significant impediment for range expansions of most pelagic Pacific species into the AB. While some Pacific zooplankton, such as Eucalanus bungii and Metridia pacifica are regularly observed over the Chukchi and Beaufort sea slopes in the BG and northern CS regions (Kosobokova et al, 2011;Smoot and Hopcroft, 2017) and even in the off the shelf of the East Siberian Sea (Ershova and Kosobokova, 2019), they never compose a significant portion of the plankton in the these regions, in contrast to C. finmarchicus. Just like C. finmarchicus, these Pacific species are only observed as late stages and are presumed to be sterile expatriates (Kosobokova et al, 2011).…”

Section: Effects Of Pacification On Consumer Trophic Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Borealization of the Arctic Ocean in Response to Anomalous Advection From Sub-Arctic Seas

et al. 2020

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Section: Effects Of Atlantification On Consumer Trophic Levelsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Effects Of Pacification On Consumer Trophic Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Borealization of the Arctic Ocean in Response to Anomalous Advection From Sub-Arctic Seas

et al. 2020

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“…Regionally focused physical and biological studies targeted around the perimeter of the Arctic basins including at the Barents Sea slope (e.g., Wlodarska-Kowalczuk et al, 2004;Pérez-Hernández et al, 2017;Renner et al, 2018), the Siberian slopes (e.g., Kosobokova et al, 1998;Polyakov et al, 2007;Kosobokova and Hirche, 2009;Janout et al, 2017;Ershova and Kosobokova, 2019), the Chukchi Sea slope (e.g., Grebmeier and Harvey, 2005;Grebmeier et al, 2009), and the Beaufort Sea slope (e.g., Pickart et al, 2013a,b;Majewski et al, 2017;Smoot and Hopcroft, 2017). Here we seek to summarize these and other findings through a pan-Arctic data synthesis and literature review.…”

Section: Introduction: Motivation and Definitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pan-Arctic Continental Slope: Sharp Gradients of Physical Processes Affect Pelagic and Benthic Ecosystems

et al. 2020

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Continental slopes – steep regions between the shelf break and abyssal ocean – play key roles in the climatology and ecology of the Arctic Ocean. Here, through review and synthesis, we find that the narrow slope regions contribute to ecosystem functioning disproportionately to the size of the habitat area (∼6% of total Arctic Ocean area). Driven by inflows of sub-Arctic waters and steered by topography, boundary currents transport boreal properties and particle loads from the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans along-slope, thus creating both along and cross-slope connectivity gradients in water mass properties and biomass. Drainage of dense, saline shelf water and material within these, and contributions of river and meltwater also shape the characteristics of the slope domain. These and other properties led us to distinguish upper and lower slope domains; the upper slope (shelf break to ∼800 m) is characterized by stronger currents, warmer sub-surface temperatures, and higher biomass across several trophic levels (especially near inflow areas). In contrast, the lower slope has slower-moving currents, is cooler, and exhibits lower vertical carbon flux and biomass. Distinct zonation of zooplankton, benthic and fish communities result from these differences. Slopes display varying levels of system connectivity: (1) along-slope through property and material transport in boundary currents, (2) cross-slope through upwelling of warm and nutrient rich water and down-welling of dense water and organic rich matter, and (3) vertically through shear and mixing. Slope dynamics also generate separating functions through (1) along-slope and across-slope fronts concentrating biological activity, and (2) vertical gradients in the water column and at the seafloor that maintain distinct physical structure and community turnover. At the upper slope, climatic change is manifested in sea-ice retreat, increased heat and mass transport by sub-Arctic inflows, surface warming, and altered vertical stratification, while the lower slope has yet to display evidence of change. Model projections suggest that ongoing physical changes will enhance primary production at the upper slope, with suspected enhancing effects for consumers. We recommend Pan-Arctic monitoring efforts of slopes given that many signals of climate change appear there first and are then transmitted along the slope domain.

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“…Appendicularia are common in the Arctic Ocean (Kosobokova and Hirche, 2000;Auel and Hagen, 2002;Ershova and Kosobokova, 2019), but were not reported in such high abundance in the study region before. Mumm (1993) reported a relative abundance of 3% in the Nansen Basin in summer and similar ranges for Appendicularia were also reported from Kosobokova and Hirche (2000), and Ehrlich (2015) from the central Arctic Ocean.…”

Section: Under-ice Faunamentioning

confidence: 67%

Sympagic Fauna in and Under Arctic Pack Ice in the Annual Sea-Ice System of the New Arctic

Ehrlich

Schaafsma²,

Bluhm

et al. 2020

Front. Mar. Sci.

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A strong decline and thinning of the Arctic sea-ice cover over the past five decades has been documented. The former multiyear sea-ice system has largely changed to an annual system and with it the dynamics of sea-ice transport across the Arctic Ocean. Less sea ice is reaching the Fram Strait and more ice and ice-transported material is released in the northern Laptev Sea and the central Arctic Ocean. This trend is expected to have a decisive impact on ice associated ("sympagic") communities. As sympagic fauna plays an important role in transmitting carbon from the icewater interface to the pelagic and benthic food webs, it is important to monitor its community composition under the changing environmental conditions. We investigated the taxonomic composition, abundance and distribution of sea-ice meiofauna (here heterotrophs >10 µm; eight stations) and under-ice fauna (here metazoans >300 µm; fourteen stations) in Arctic 1.5 year-old pack ice north of Svalbard. Sampling was conducted during spring 2015 by sea-ice coring and trawling with a Surface and Under-Ice Trawl. We identified 42 taxa associated with the sea ice. The total abundance of sea-ice meiofauna ranged between 580 and 17,156 ind.m −2 and was dominated by Ciliophora (46%), Copepoda nauplii (29%), and Harpacticoida (20%). In contrast to earlier studies in this region, we found no Nematoda and few flatworms in our seaice samples. Under-ice fauna abundance ranged between 15 and 6,785 ind.m −2 and was dominated by Appendicularia (58%), caused by exceptionally high abundance at one station. Copepoda nauplii (23%), Calanus finmarchicus (9%), and Calanus glacialis (6%) were also very abundant while sympagic Amphipoda were comparatively rare (0.35%). Both sympagic communities showed regional differences in community composition and abundance between shelf and offshore stations, but only for the underice fauna those differences were statistically significant. Selected environmental variables moderately explained variations in abundances of both faunas. The results of this study are consistent with predictions of diversity shifts in the new Arctic.

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Cross-shelf structure and distribution of mesozooplankton communities in the East-Siberian Sea and the adjacent Arctic Ocean

Cited by 23 publications

References 38 publications

Borealization of the Arctic Ocean in Response to Anomalous Advection From Sub-Arctic Seas

Borealization of the Arctic Ocean in Response to Anomalous Advection From Sub-Arctic Seas

The Pan-Arctic Continental Slope: Sharp Gradients of Physical Processes Affect Pelagic and Benthic Ecosystems

Sympagic Fauna in and Under Arctic Pack Ice in the Annual Sea-Ice System of the New Arctic

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