Cross Species Inoculation of Chewings and Strong Creeping Red Fescues with Fungal Endophytes

Johnson‐Cicalese, Jennifer; Secks, Margaret; Lam, Cuong K.; Meyer, William A.; Murphy, James A.; Belanger, Faith C.

doi:10.2135/cropsci2000.4051485x

Cited by 26 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The plant materials used in the study were a strong creeping red fescue not infected with E. festucae , designated S1139E-, and the same plant genotype inoculated with the E. festucae Rose City strain, designated S1139RC [26]. The Rose City isolate was obtained from an endophyte-infected strong creeping red fescue plant.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Strong creeping red fescue plants S1139E- and S1139RC were described previously [26]. The endophyte-infected plant S1139RC was generated by inoculating an isolated tiller of the uninfected plant S1139E- with the Rose City isolate of E. festucae , which was isolated from an unrelated endophyte-infected strong creeping red fescue [26].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The endophyte-infected plant S1139RC was generated by inoculating an isolated tiller of the uninfected plant S1139E- with the Rose City isolate of E. festucae , which was isolated from an unrelated endophyte-infected strong creeping red fescue [26]. The S1139E- and S1139RC plants thus represent endophyte-free and endophyte-infected examples of the same plant genotype.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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SOLiD-SAGE of Endophyte-Infected Red Fescue Reveals Numerous Effects on Host Transcriptome and an Abundance of Highly Expressed Fungal Secreted Proteins

Ambrose

Belanger

2012

PLoS ONE

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One of the most important plant-fungal symbiotic relationships is that of cool season grasses with endophytic fungi of the genera Epichloë and Neotyphodium. These associations often confer benefits, such as resistance to herbivores and improved drought tolerance, to the hosts. One benefit that appears to be unique to fine fescue grasses is disease resistance. As a first step towards understanding the basis of the endophyte-mediated disease resistance in Festuca rubra we carried out a SOLiD-SAGE quantitative transcriptome comparison of endophyte-free and Epichloë festucae-infected F. rubra. Over 200 plant genes involved in a wide variety of physiological processes were statistically significantly differentially expressed between the two samples. Many of the endophyte expressed genes were surprisingly abundant, with the most abundant fungal tag representing over 10% of the fungal mapped tags. Many of the abundant fungal tags were for secreted proteins. The second most abundantly expressed fungal gene was for a secreted antifungal protein and is of particular interest regarding the endophyte-mediated disease resistance. Similar genes in Penicillium and Aspergillus spp. have been demonstrated to have antifungal activity. Of the 10 epichloae whole genome sequences available, only one isolate of E. festucae and Neotyphodium gansuense var inebrians have an antifungal protein gene. The uniqueness of this gene in E. festucae from F. rubra, its transcript abundance, and the secreted nature of the protein, all suggest it may be involved in the disease resistance conferred to the host, which is a unique feature of the fine fescue–endophyte symbiosis.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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SOLiD-SAGE of Endophyte-Infected Red Fescue Reveals Numerous Effects on Host Transcriptome and an Abundance of Highly Expressed Fungal Secreted Proteins

Ambrose

Belanger

2012

PLoS ONE

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“…This method of inoculation circumvents the physical barrier of the plant cuticle. A similar method has been successfully used in grasses, where fungal endophyte mycelium is inserted between the shoot and root sections (Johnson-Cicalese et al 2000) or at the junction of the coleoptile and mesocotyl (Latch & Christensen 1985). Santamaría & Bayman (2005) have reported Xylaria, Colletotrichum, Guignardia, Botryosphaeria and Pestalotia as coffee leaf endophytes in Puerto Rico.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inoculation of coffee plants with the fungal entomopathogen Beauveria bassiana (Ascomycota: Hypocreales)

Posada¹,

Aime²,

Peterson³

et al. 2007

Mycological Research

231

165

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“…Hybridization was also detected in RNA from a Chewings fescue artificially inoculated with the Neotyphodium sp. endophyte that infects P. ampla (Johnson-Cicalese et al, 2000). The hybridization intensities varied among the four RNA samples from the different infected plant species.…”

Section: ␤-16-glucanase Message In Infected Plant Tissue and In Cultmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endophytic Fungal β-1,6-Glucanase Expression in the Infected Host Grass

Moy

Sullivan

et al. 2002

Plant Physiology

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Mutualistic fungal endophytes infect many grass species and often confer benefits to the hosts such as reduced herbivory by insects and animals. The physiological interactions between the endophytes and their hosts have not been well characterized. Fungal-secreted proteins are likely to be important components of the interaction. In the interaction between Poa ampla and the endophyte Neotyphodium sp., a fungal ␤-1,6-glucanase is secreted into the apoplast, and activity of the enzyme is detectable in endophyte-infected plants. Sequence analysis indicates the ␤-1,6-glucanase is homologous to enzymes secreted by the mycoparasitic fungi Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma virens. DNA gel-blot analysis indicated the ␤-1,6-glucanase was encoded by a single gene. As a secreted protein, the ␤-1,6-glucanase may have a nutritional role for the fungus. In culture, ␤-1,6-glucanase activity was induced in the presence of ␤-1,6-glucans. From RNA gel blots, similar ␤-1,6-glucanases were expressed in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and Chewings fescue (Festuca rubra L. subsp. fallax [Thuill] Nyman) infected with the endophyte species Neotyphodium coenophialum and Epichloë festucae, respectively.Fungal endophytes of the genus Neotyphodium (formerly Acremonium; Glenn et al., 1996) infect many grass species, some of which are important turf and forage grasses. The fungi colonize the intercellular spaces of the aerial plant parts but do not invade the plant cells. The endophyte-grass associations are generally considered to be mutualistic symbioses (Clay, 1988). In many associations, the production of alkaloids by the fungus results in reduced herbivory by insects and animals, thus benefiting the host (Breen, 1994;Bush et al., 1997). The fungi benefit from the access to nutrients provided by the plants.Within the past 20 years, considerable knowledge has been gained on the synthesis and effects of alkaloids, the genetics and taxonomic relationships of endophytes, and the ecological effects of endophyte infection (Clay, 1990;Siegel and Schardl, 1991;Schardl, 1996;Bush et al., 1997). The physiological aspects of the endophyte-grass interactions have not, however, been well characterized in any system. We are investigating the physiology of the fungus-grass interaction with the long-range objective of eventually being able to manipulate agriculturally important interactions. We are using the Poa ampla cv Service (big bluegrass)/Neotyphodium sp. interaction as a model system for the grass/fungus interaction (Lindstrom et al., 1993). P. ampla is apomictic, so we have a ready supply of plants of identical genotype. We also have uninfected plants of the identical genotype, which were identified in older seed lots in which the endophyte had lost viability.Almost nothing is known of the proteins relevant to the interaction between the plant hosts and the fungal endophytes. We are interested in fungalsecreted proteins because they are likely to be important components of the mutualistic interaction because they are located at the...

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Cross Species Inoculation of Chewings and Strong Creeping Red Fescues with Fungal Endophytes

Cited by 26 publications

References 25 publications

SOLiD-SAGE of Endophyte-Infected Red Fescue Reveals Numerous Effects on Host Transcriptome and an Abundance of Highly Expressed Fungal Secreted Proteins

SOLiD-SAGE of Endophyte-Infected Red Fescue Reveals Numerous Effects on Host Transcriptome and an Abundance of Highly Expressed Fungal Secreted Proteins

Inoculation of coffee plants with the fungal entomopathogen Beauveria bassiana (Ascomycota: Hypocreales)

Endophytic Fungal β-1,6-Glucanase Expression in the Infected Host Grass

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