Cross-talk between immune system and microbiota in COVID-19

Ghavami, Shaghayegh Baradaran; Pourhamzeh, Mahsa; Farmani, Maryam; Raftar, Shahrbanoo Keshavarz Azizi; Shahrokh, Shabnam; Shpichka, Anastasia; Aghdaei, Hamid Asadzadeh; Hakemi-Vala, Mojdeh; Hossein‐Khannazer, Nikoo; Timashev, Peter; Vosough, Massoud

doi:10.1080/17474124.2021.1991311

Cited by 34 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 199 publications

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“…However, an ex vivo study found that addition of just SCFA molecules to SARS-CoV-2 infected human intestinal biopsies and intestinal epithelial cells did not affect viral load [ 65 ]. It is clear further cohort studies paired with ex vivo and in vitro research are required to fully understand the effect of microbial metabolites on antiviral and antibacterial activity including associated host interactions [ 66 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory tract infections and gut microbiome modifications: A systematic review

2022

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Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are extremely common and can cause gastrointestinal tract symptoms and changes to the gut microbiota, yet these effects are poorly understood. We conducted a systematic review to evaluate the reported evidence of gut microbiome alterations in patients with a RTI compared to healthy controls (PROSPERO: CRD42019138853). We systematically searched Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane and the Clinical Trial Database for studies published between January 2015 and June 2021. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they were human cohorts describing the gut microbiome in patients with an RTI compared to healthy controls and the infection was caused by a viral or bacterial pathogen. Dual data screening and extraction with narrative synthesis was performed. We identified 1,593 articles and assessed 11 full texts for inclusion. Included studies (some nested) reported gut microbiome changes in the context of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (n = 5), influenza (H1N1 and H7N9) (n = 2), Tuberculosis (TB) (n = 4), Community-Acquired Pneumonia CAP (n = 2) and recurrent RTIs (rRTI) (n = 1) infections. We found studies of patients with an RTI compared to controls reported a decrease in gut microbiome diversity (Shannon) of 1.45 units (95% CI, 0.15–2.50 [p, <0.0001]) and a lower abundance of taxa (p, 0.0086). Meta-analysis of the Shannon value showed considerable heterogeneity between studies (I2, 94.42). Unbiased analysis displayed as a funnel plot revealed a depletion of Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae and Ruminococcus and enrichment of Enterococcus. There was an important absence in the lack of cohort studies reporting gut microbiome changes and high heterogeneity between studies may be explained by variations in microbiome methods and confounder effects. Further human cohort studies are needed to understand RTI-induced gut microbiome changes to better understand interplay between microbes and respiratory health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory tract infections and gut microbiome modifications: A systematic review

2022

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“…P. copri were found expanded in patients with new-onset RA ( 47 ), and the HLA-DR-presented peptide identified from the 27-kDa protein of P. copri was capable of stimulating a TH1 cell response in 42% of patients with new-onset RA ( 48 ). Other species have also been linked to immune diseases, such as B. massiliensis related to the severity of COVID-19 ( 49 ), and E. rectale related to the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis and inflammatory bowel disease ( 50 ). Therefore, if people traveled to a place where dominated enterotypes differed from theirs, the change in environment such as diet would render it possible for people to switch their enterotype, bringing about the potential risk of immunity disorders.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiome Resilience and Health Implications for People in Half-Year Travel

et al. 2022

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Travel entail change in geography and diet, both of which are known as determinant factors in shaping the human gut microbiome. Additionally, altered gut microbiome modulates immunity, bringing about health implications in humans. To explore the effects of the mid-term travel on the gut microbiome, we generated 16S rRNA gene and metagenomic sequencing data from longitudinal samples collected over six months. We monitored dynamic trajectories of the gut microbiome variation of a Chinese volunteer team (VT) in their whole journey to Trinidad and Tobago (TAT). We found gut microbiome resilience that VT’s gut microbial compositions gradually transformed to the local TAT’s enterotypes during their six-month stay in TAT, and then reverted to their original enterotypes after VT’s return to Beijing in one month. Moreover, we identified driven species in this bi-directional plasticity that could play a role in immunity modulation, as exemplified by Bacteroides dorei that attenuated atherosclerotic lesion formation and effectively suppressed proinflammatory immune response. Another driven species P. copri could play a crucial role in rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis, a chronic autoimmune disease. Carbohydrate-active enzymes are often implicated in immune and host-pathogen interactions, of which glycoside hydrolases were found decreased but glycosyltransferases and carbohydrate esterases increased during the travel; these functions were then restored after VT’ returning to Beijing. Furthermore, we discovered these microbial changes and restoration were mediated by VT people’s dietary changes. These findings indicate that half-year travel leads to change in enterotype and functional patterns, exerting effects on human health. Microbial intervention by dietary guidance in half-year travel would be conducive to immunity modulation for maintaining health.

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“…The interaction between the gastrointestinal tract and the respiratory tract is achieved through a common mucosal immunity. There is persistent crosstalk between the intestine and the pulmonary mucosa through the mesenteric lymphatic system and the pulmonary lymph nodes ( 35 ). Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) induce the expression of dendritic cell and macrophage pattern recognition receptors and regulate cytokine secretion and antibody synthesis (sIgA and IgM) ( 36 ).…”

Section: The Important Role Of Gut Microbes In Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Application of Tea Polyphenols to the Prevention of COVID-19 Infection: Based on the Gut-Lung Axis

Liu

et al. 2022

Front. Nutr.

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disrupts the intestinal micro-ecological balance, and patients often develop the intestinal disease. The gut is the largest immune organ in the human body; intestinal microbes can affect the immune function of the lungs through the gut-lung axis. It has been reported that tea polyphenols (TPs) have antiviral and prebiotic activity. In this review, we discussed TPs reduced lung-related diseases through gut-lung axis by inhibiting dysbiosis. In addition, we also highlighted the preventive and therapeutic effects of TPs on COVID-19 complications, further demonstrating the importance of research on TPs for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 in humans. Based on this understanding, we recommend using TPs to regulate the gut microbiota to prevent or alleviate COVID-19 through the gut-lung axis.

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Cross-talk between immune system and microbiota in COVID-19

Cited by 34 publications

References 199 publications

Respiratory tract infections and gut microbiome modifications: A systematic review

Respiratory tract infections and gut microbiome modifications: A systematic review

Microbiome Resilience and Health Implications for People in Half-Year Travel

Potential Application of Tea Polyphenols to the Prevention of COVID-19 Infection: Based on the Gut-Lung Axis

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