Cross talks at the morphogenetic, physiological and gene regulation levels between the mycobiont Piloderma croceum and oak microcuttings (Quercus robur) during formation of ectomycorrhizas

Why and How Using Micropropagated Trees rather than Germinations for Controlled Synthesis of Ectomycorrhizal Associations?

“…With the presented optimized Petri-dish system using oak microcuttings the opportunity was also presented to study the impact of heterorhizie on mycorrhization at a molecular level. Differential gene regulation patterns were found in principal and lateral roots (Frettinger et al 2007;Herrmann and Buscot 2007).…”

“…Nevertheless, systems using such micropropagated trees for current EM symbiosis studies are still largely underrepresented and limited to a few species such as poplars (Kaldorf et al 2002;Marjanovic et al 2005;Nehls 2007) or birches (Simoneau et al 1993;1994) for the species without episodic growth, and species such as oaks Frettinger et al 2007;Krüger et al 2004;Herrmann et al 1998Herrmann et al , 2004Herrmann and Buscot 2007) or pine (Normand et al 1996;Niemi et al 2002) for trees with episodic growth. The scarce literature available over the last decades on using cuttings or micropropagated trees in the field of EM research in comparison to the numerous recent studies that use tree seedlings (see Introduction) gives further evidence for this discrepancy.…”

Mycorrhization of Fagaceae Forests Within Mediterranean Ecosystems

“…Accordingly, in oak forests, a higher number of AM fungal spores (mainly Ambispora gerdemannii) have been found when compared to other landscapes, such as pine forests, combined forests of pines and oaks, or in several agroecosystems (Chaturvedi et al 2012). In addition, the symbiotic relationship between plant and ECM fungi can be mediated by other microorganisms or plants (Herrmann 2007;Toju et al 2014). For example, recent studies on red oak (Q. rubra) have showed that soil bacteria can help plants to establish ECM symbiosis by maintaining adequate plant signaling gene levels that will promote mycorrhization (Kurth et al 2015).…”

Synergists and antagonists in the rhizosphere modulate microbial communities and growth of Quercus robur L.

“…The target plant is the pedunculate oak Quercus robur that has an obligate relationship with ectomycorrhizal fungi (Herrmann and Buscot, 2007). Q. robur exhibits an episodic rhythmic growth with alternating flushes in roots and shoots, resulting in distinctly different allocation and partitioning patterns of carbon in individual plants across the growth stages (Dickson et al, 2000a,b;Sloan and Jacobs, 2008).…”