Crosses with Amut Bmut homokaryons of Coprinus cinereus

Liu, Y; Granado, José; Polak, Eline; Kües, Ursula

doi:10.4148/1941-4765.1235

Cited by 3 publications

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“…Rarely, translocation quadrivalents are converted into two heteromorphic bivalents, probably because crossovers prevent the resolution (176). In C. cinereus, basidiospore viability can be poor; this is sometimes related to certain chromosomes (269,330,388), but it has not yet been established whether this relates to translocations as found in other fungi (379).…”

Section: Developmental Processes In the Basidiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This suggests that the mutations induced in dikaryons are not all dominant but, rather, that phenotypes are due to a mixed genetic background with naturally recessive and newly mutated alleles. The alleles present in the unmutated dikaryons obviously complement each other for fruiting (269,330,353). Amut Bmut homokaryons are able to fruit, and their use in isolating developmental mutants has a number of advantages over the use of dikaryons.…”

Section: Mutant Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Life History and Developmental Processes in the BasidiomyceteCoprinus cinereus

Kües

2000

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

435

336

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SUMMARY Coprinus cinereus has two main types of mycelia, the asexual monokaryon and the sexual dikaryon, formed by fusion of compatible monokaryons. Syngamy (plasmogamy) and karyogamy are spatially and temporally separated, which is typical for basidiomycetous fungi. This property of the dikaryon enables an easy exchange of nuclear partners in further dikaryotic-monokaryotic and dikaryotic-dikaryotic mycelial fusions. Fruiting bodies normally develop on the dikaryon, and the cytological process of fruiting-body development has been described in its principles. Within the specialized basidia, present within the gills of the fruiting bodies, karyogamy occurs in a synchronized manner. It is directly followed by meiosis and by the production of the meiotic basidiospores. The synchrony of karyogamy and meiosis has made the fungus a classical object to study meiotic cytology and recombination. Several genes involved in these processes have been identified. Both monokaryons and dikaryons can form multicellular resting bodies (sclerotia) and different types of mitotic spores, the small uninucleate aerial oidia, and, within submerged mycelium, the large thick-walled chlamydospores. The decision about whether a structure will be formed is made on the basis of environmental signals (light, temperature, humidity, and nutrients). Of the intrinsic factors that control development, the products of the two mating type loci are most important. Mutant complementation and PCR approaches identified further genes which possibly link the two mating-type pathways with each other and with nutritional regulation, for example with the cAMP signaling pathway. Among genes specifically expressed within the fruiting body are those for two galectins, β-galactoside binding lectins that probably act in hyphal aggregation. These genes serve as molecular markers to study development in wild-type and mutant strains. The isolation of genes for potential non-DNA methyltransferases, needed for tissue formation within the fruiting body, promises the discovery of new signaling pathways, possibly involving secondary fungal metabolites.

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Section: Developmental Processes In the Basidiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mutant Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Life History and Developmental Processes in the BasidiomyceteCoprinus cinereus

Kües

2000

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

435

336

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“…The self-compatible C. cinerea homokaryon AmutBmut (FGSC 25122) (A43mut, B43mut, pab1) forms fruiting bodies without prior mating to another strain and produces oidia in a lightregulated manner , Kertesz-Chaloupková et al1998. Mutant B-1918 (A43mut, B43mut, pab1, :: pab1+) is a BamHI REMI-mutant of homokaryon AmutBmut with plasmid pPAB1-2 , Liu et al 1999) and mutant 7K17 (A43mut, B43mut, pab1) is an UV-mutant of homokaryon AmutBmut Liu et al 1999).…”

Section: Strains and Culture Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mutants generated from AmutBmut by mutagenesis approaches include the dark stipe mutants dst1 (REMI generated), dst2 (REMI generated), dst3 (UV generated) and dst4 (REMI generated), which form dark stipes with elongated stipes and underdeveloped caps under Liu et al 1999;Terashima et al 2005;Kuratani et al 2010). dst1 and dst2 are blind at initial stages of fruiting process thus, they formed dark stipes under standard fruiting condition from Day 2 in standard fruiting conditions onwards, i.e.…”

Section: Analyzing the Defects In Dark Stipe Mutant Strains 7k17 And ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, they produced dark stipes with defects effective on Day 5 with the P3 stage and Day 6 with the P4 stage of development (Fig. 8, Liu et al 1999;Chaisaena 2009). dst1 and dst2 structures tend to elongate for 6 days while dst3 and dst4 structures elongate for all 7 days of the standard fruiting pathway as shown in the Fig.…”

Section: Analyzing the Defects In Dark Stipe Mutant Strains 7k17 And ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fruiting body development of Coprinopsis cinerea: Cytology and regulatory factors

Subba¹

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Chapter 1. Introduction………………………………………………………………. 22 1.1.Fungi in general 1.2.History on Coprinopsis cinerea as a model organism 1.3.Life cycle of C. cinerea 1.4.Fruiting body development 1.5.Genetic and environmental regulator in the fruiting process 1.6.Self-compatible AmutBmut and other mutants 1.7.Aims of the study 1.8.Outcome of the study 1.9. References Chapter 2. Two alternative routes of development: early decisions ………………… 62 Subchapter 2.1. Pathway committed to fruiting: secondary hyphal knot formation...64 2.1.1. Abstract 2.1.2. Introduction 2.1.3. Materials and methods 2.1.3.1. Strains, media and standard cultivation conditions 2.1.3.2. Cultivation for the study of primary hyphal knot and microscopy 2.1.3.3. Cultivation for the observation of secondary hyphal knots, primordia and mature carpophores 2.1.3.4. Photography 2.1.4. Results 2.1.4.1 Primary hyphal knot formation in dark 2.1.4.2. Light induced secondary hyphal knot formation 2.1.4.3. Detail observation on Sk formation 2.1.4.4. Secondary hyphal knot formation in homokaryon AmutBmut and dikaryon PS1X2 at 25 °C under a normal day/night rhythm, observed first at 12 h after putting the plates into fruiting conditions 5 2.1.4.4.1. Observation for the homokaryon AmutBmut 2.1.4.4.2Observation for the dikaryon PS1X2 2.1.5. Discussion 2.1.5.1. The term primary and secondary hyphal knots in the literature 2.1.5.2. Techniques to obtain Pks and Sks 2.1.5.3. Origin of knots from single or multiple hyphae? 2.1.5.4. Observation on the formation of Sks in the current study 2.1.5.5. Terminology of hyphal knots 2.1.6. Conclusion 2.1.7. References Subchapter 2.2. Sclerotia formation as an alternate development pathway to fruiting in Coprinopsis cinerea …………………………………………………… 88 2.

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Coprinopsis cinerea as a Model Fungus to Evaluate Genes Underlying Sexual Development in Basidiomycetes

Srivilai

Loutchanwoot²

2009

Pakistan J. of Biological Sciences

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Coprinopsis cinerea is an excellent model for study of sexual reproduction and development in basidiomycetes because of its short-life cycle, capability to grow and fruit on artificial media under laboratory conditions. Deepening the understanding of genes underlying sexual reproduction and development in this mushroom model is expected to help in the future the world mushroom cultivation of any other basidiomycetes concerning the potential agronomic, economic and environmental benefits. This study presents findings with clear statements from the literature as well as own results focusing on the genetic analysis of genes acting in sexual reproduction and development in C. cinerea. Sexual reproduction and development in C. cinerea are regulated by the A and B mating type genes that encode two types of homeodomain transcription factors, pheromones and pheromone receptors, respectively. Coprinopsis cinerea has two different mycelial stages defined as the monokaryotic-(primary) and dikaryotic-(secondary) mycelium. When two compatible haploid monokaryons with different mating type alleles at A and B loci are fused, the fertile dikaryons are formed and developed into fruiting bodies, indicating that mating type genes regulate sexual development in C. cinerea. Self-fertile homokaryon AmutBmut strain with mutations in the A and B mating loci is ideal for production of mutants in fruiting body formation. Co-isogenic strains were generated by the repeated back-crossing against AmutBmut to analyze the genetic background of such mutants and the functions of genes in the fruiting pathway. Genetic analysis of AmutBmut fruiting mutants that are blocked at different stages in fruiting pathway will be described.

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Crosses with Amut Bmut homokaryons of Coprinus cinereus

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Life History and Developmental Processes in the BasidiomyceteCoprinus cinereus

Life History and Developmental Processes in the BasidiomyceteCoprinus cinereus

Fruiting body development of Coprinopsis cinerea: Cytology and regulatory factors

Coprinopsis cinerea as a Model Fungus to Evaluate Genes Underlying Sexual Development in Basidiomycetes

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