Crosslinked Polymer Binder via Phthalic Acid for Stabilizing SiO_x Anodes

Abstract

It is widely recognized that SiO x is a feasible anode material for the next generation lithium-ion batteries because of its high capacity, low cost, environmental friendliness, and abundant available storage. However, the enormous volume expansion and irreversible by-products during lithiation can result in the rapid capacity degradation and low coulombic efficiency. The commercial binders of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and polyvinylidene difluoride cannot afford the volume change. Herein, a rational crosslinked binder is synthesized through an in situ condensation reaction between CMC and phthalic acid (PA). With rich hydroxyl groups bonded to the homogeneous SiO 2 nanodomain, the enormous volume expansion of the SiO x anode can be restricted efficaciously. Therefore, the SiO

Application and Development of Silicon Anode Binders for Lithium-Ion Batteries

“…Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), Poly (acrylic acid) (PAA), Sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), Alginate (Alg), Chitosan (CS), β-cyclodextrin polymer (β-CDp), Guar gum (GG), Self-healing polymer, Conducting polymers, etc. [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39] Researchers have modulated the size, structure and morphology of silicon-based materials to reduce the size of silicon particles to the nanoscale, effectively reducing the crushing of silicon during the alloying and de-alloying process. However, Si nanomaterials have some serious shortcomings.…”

Carbon-Coated Si Nanoparticles Anchored on Three-Dimensional Carbon Nanotube Matrix for High-Energy Stable Lithium-Ion Batteries

“…In addition, Si shows poor intrinsic electron conductivity, resulting in sluggish electrochemical kinetics and severely limiting the cycle life of the Sibased batteries [9,20]. To date, various strategies have been explored to develop the superior Si-based electrode materials, including the construction of Si nanostructures [21,22], porous Si [23][24][25], surface coating of protective layers [26][27][28], Si-based composites [17,[29][30][31], SiO xbased materials [32][33][34], and new electrode binders [35][36][37][38][39]. Of these, nano-Si materials have been shown to effectively relax the mechanical stress and strain on the electrode during volume fluctuation, avoiding cracking or pulverization of their structures, thereby significantly improving Coulombic efficiency and cyclability [30,40].…”

Body Armor-Inspired Double-Wrapped Binder with High Energy Dispersion for a Stable SiOx Anode

“…To further promote the commercialization of SiO x anodes, numerous efforts have been devoted to designing ingenious nanostructures, tailoring the component in a solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer , and exploring electrolyte additives. , Besides, developing a more advanced binder has also been deemed to be an auspicious strategy due to the merits of convenience, high efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. − As is well known, proper mechanical properties are crucial for a binder to maintain the cycling stability of Si-based anodes . It is widely accepted that a polymer binder’s intrinsic molecular configuration, and intramolecular and intermolecular interactions highly determine the mechanical property of the binder. , Generally, because of the intrinsic hard polymer backbone or covalent 3D network cross-linked configuration, a stiff binder is short of sufficient toughness to endure the structural damage caused by repeated volume change. , In comparison with the stiff binder, an elastic binder consisting of a soft polymer chain or flexible interaction could adapt to the huge volume expansion and contraction of SiO x particles .…”