Crosstalk and Discontinuities Reduction on Multi-Module Memory Bus by Particle Swarm Optimization

Abstract

Abstract-Due to high-density routing under the CPU and DIMM areas, the original design of even and odd mode characteristic impedances changes. The occurrence of multi-drop problem between the CPU and memory chip causes over-and under-driven that reduce the eye opening. Furthermore, the different phase velocities of evenand odd-modes cause timing jitter at the receiver end. This paper proposes two steps to solve the complex issue of signal integrity for the multi-module memory bus. First, particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used to tune the characteristic impedance of the transmission line and on-die termination (ODT) values to improve transmission line impedance changes to obtain maximum power delivery. The fitness function of the algorithm is defined by selecting the minimum reflection coefficient at the driver side and maximum the transmission coefficient at the receiver side to reduce the over-and under-driven Second, the timing jitter can be reduced by placing a capacitor to compensate for the velocity difference caused by different propagation modes. Finally, signal integrity enhancements for the DDR3 are verified by measuring S parameters in the frequency domain and postprocessed eye diagrams in the time domain.

Adaptive Beamforming With Low Side Lobe Level Using Neural Networks Trained by Mutated Boolean Pso

“…The technique is based on neural networks (NNs) [5,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26], which use training sets produced by a novel binary variant of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) [27][28][29][30][31][32][33], called Mutated Boolean PSO (MBPSO) [10]. In the MBPSO, the update of particle velocities and positions is performed using exclusively Boolean expressions, while former binary PSO variants update the particle velocities using real number expressions [34].…”

Design and Optimization of a Logo-Type Antenna for Multiband Applications

“…Particle swarm optimization (PSO) has recently become a popular optimization technique in electromagnetic applications [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. PSO is a global optimization technique, and has demonstrated its ability to optimize complex, multidimensional, and discontinuous problems.…”

Estimation Method for Simultaneous Switching Noise in Power Delivery Network for High-Speed Digital System Design

“…In particular, the SSN in a wide frequency range incidentally excites multiple resonance modes between the power/ground planes as in the parallel planes model, which would also introduce significant signal integrity problems, power integrity issues, and electromagnetic interference (EMI) [3][4][5]. If the SSN exceeds the noise margin, the IC may experience a functional failure.…”