Crosstalk between Resveratrol and Gut Barrier: A Review

Abstract

The plant-based nutraceuticals are receiving increasing interest in recent time. The high attraction to the phytochemicals is associated with their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, which can lead to reduced risk of the development of cardiovascular and other non-communicable diseases. One of the most disseminated groups of plant bioactives are phenolic compounds. It was recently hypothesized that phenolic compounds can have the ability to improve the functioning of the gut barrier. The available studies showed that one of the polyphenols, resveratrol, has great potential to improve the integrity of the gut barrier. Very promising results have been obtained with in vitro and animal models. Still, more clinical trials must be performed to evaluate the effect of resveratrol on the gut barrier, especially in individuals with increased intestinal permeability. Moreover, the interplay between phenolic compounds, intestinal microbiota and gut barrier should be carefully evaluated in the future. Therefore, this review offers an overview of the current knowledge about the interaction between polyphenols with a special emphasis on resveratrol and the gut barrier, summarizes the available methods to evaluate the intestinal permeability, discusses the current research gaps and proposes the directions for future studies in this research area.

Evaluation of the Feasibility of In Vitro Metabolic Interruption of Trimethylamine with Resveratrol Butyrate Esters and Its Purified Monomers

“…In addition, RSV served extensively in conventional medicine for a long time until 1997, first being reported to affect tumor initiation, advancement, and progression, followed by widespread reports of prophylactic and therapeutic potential due to its anti-oxidant, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-cancer, anti-atherosclerosis, cardioprotective, and immunomodulatory properties [ 13 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. It is important to note that the RSV level found in red wines can vary significantly among different brands, and the quantity can range from 0.36 to over 2 mg/L, while it has been suggested to contribute to the French paradox [ 11 , 12 , 15 , 16 , 18 , 19 ]. Despite its trans-RSV-related compounds, 77–80% were absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, and about 49–60% were eliminated via urine [ 20 ].…”

“…However, Tamargo et al [ 21 ] reported a significant decrease in the bioaccessibility of cholesterol and bile salts during the digestion of lipids with wine using the simgi ® digestion system. Moreover, RSV has been shown to regulate gut microbial diversity; for example, it has contributed to the growth of metabolic trimethylamine (TMA)-producing Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus , thereby reducing trimethylamine- N -oxide (TMAO) concentrations and alleviating TMAO-induced atherosclerosis [ 17 , 19 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. However, in a typical case, 95–96% of TMA would be oxidized to TMAO, which is either transported to the tissues and accumulated or eliminated by the kidneys (excreted in urine) within 24 h or excreted in sweat, feces (4%), expired air (less than 1%), or other bodily secretions [ 25 , 26 ].…”

The synergistic effects of polyphenols and intestinal microbiota on osteoporosis

“…Studies have revealed that Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol found in plants, may affect the intestinal barrier by inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria and fungi, regulating the expression of tight junction proteins, and balancing pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory T cells. These mechanisms help to control the growth of pathogens and maintain the integrity of cellular barriers ( 16 , 17 ). These actions help to prevent damage to the intestinal barrier and maintain its proper functioning.…”