CrossTalk opposing view: High intensity interval training does not have a role in risk reduction or treatment of disease

Holloway, Tanya M.; Spriet, Lawrence L.

doi:10.1113/jp271039

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Despite the fact that there are no data to suggest that HIT is inherently less safe to perform by patients than aerobic or resistance exercise, opponents of the use of HIT in patients maintain the argument that the high exercise intensities must make HIT less safe (Biddle & Batterham, 2015;Holloway & Spriet, 2015). It remains unknown whether the short-term increase in heart rate associated with high-intensity exercise (reaching ~90% of maximal heart rate in our study) is more or less of a risk compared to the more sustained longer-term increase in heart rate during aerobic exercise.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of the health benefits of reduced-exertion high-intensity interval training (REHIT) and moderate-intensity walking in type 2 diabetes patients

Ruffino

Songsorn

Haggett

et al. 2017

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of the health benefits of reduced-exertion high-intensity interval training (REHIT) and moderate-intensity walking in type 2 diabetes patients

Ruffino

Songsorn

Haggett

et al. 2017

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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“…Those who wish to perform HIIT should be clinically stable, have been participating at least in regular moderateintensity exercise, and likely be supervised at least initially (116). The risks with advanced disease are unclear (116), and continuous, moderate-intensity exercise may be safer (117). The optimal HIIT training protocol has yet to be determined.…”

Section: Recommended Physical Activity Participation For People With mentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Activity/Exercise and Diabetes: A Position Statement of the American Diabetes Association

et al. 2016

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The adoption and maintenance of physical activity are critical foci for blood glucose management and overall health in individuals with diabetes and prediabetes. Recommendations and precautions vary depending on individual characteristics and health status. In this Position Statement, we provide a clinically oriented review and evidencebased recommendations regarding physical activity and exercise in people with type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes mellitus, and prediabetes.Physical activity includes all movement that increases energy use, whereas exercise is planned, structured physical activity. Exercise improves blood glucose control in type 2 diabetes, reduces cardiovascular risk factors, contributes to weight loss, and improves well-being (1,2). Regular exercise may prevent or delay type 2 diabetes development (3). Regular exercise also has considerable health benefits for people with type 1 diabetes (e.g., improved cardiovascular fitness, muscle strength, insulin sensitivity, etc.) (4). The challenges related to blood glucose management vary with diabetes type, activity type, and presence of diabetes-related complications (5,6). Physical activity and exercise recommendations, therefore, should be tailored to meet the specific needs of each individual. TYPES AND CLASSIFICATIONS OF DIABETES AND PREDIABETESPhysical activity recommendations and precautions may vary by diabetes type. The primary types of diabetes are type 1 and type 2. Type 1 diabetes (5%-10% of cases) results from cellular-mediated autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic b-cells, producing insulin deficiency (7). Although it can occur at any age, b-cell destruction rates vary, typically occurring more rapidly in youth than in adults. Type 2 diabetes (90%-95% of cases) results from a progressive loss of insulin secretion, usually also with insulin resistance. Gestational diabetes mellitus occurs during pregnancy, with screening typically occurring at 24-28 weeks of gestation in pregnant women not previously known to have diabetes. Prediabetes is diagnosed when blood glucose levels are above the normal range but not high enough to be classified as diabetes; affected individuals have a heightened risk of developing type 2 diabetes (7) but may prevent/delay its onset with physical activity and other lifestyle changes (8). TYPES OF EXERCISE AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITYAerobic exercise involves repeated and continuous movement of large muscle groups (9). Activities such as walking, cycling, jogging, and swimming rely primarily on aerobic energy-producing systems. Resistance (strength) training includes exercises with free weights, weight machines, body weight, or elastic resistance bands. Flexibility exercises improve range of motion around joints (10). Balance exercises benefit gait and prevent falls (11). Activities like tai chi and yoga combine flexibility, balance, and resistance activities.

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“…However, use of HIIT is controversial and debated, particularly in patients with pre-existing disease (Holloway & Spriet, 2015;Wisløff et al 2015). Regardless, the reported positive effects and potential of HIIT to provide greater access to the health benefits that exercise provides is exciting; although the lack of evidence to date examining how HIIT affects the brain raises concerns about its global promotion at this stage .…”

Section: B R a I N A Nd Co G N I T I V E H Ea Lthmentioning

confidence: 95%

Brain train to combat brain drain; focus on exercise strategies that optimize neuroprotection

Burley

Bailey

Marley

et al. 2016

Experimental Physiology

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The topic of this review is to consider innovative exercise strategies that optimize neuroprotection in order to combat cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disease in older age. r What advances does it highlight?The review summarizes current understanding around exercise mode, duration, frequency and intensity, and then highlights adaptive roles of select stressors that have equal if not indeed greater capacity than exercise per se to induce health-related adaptation in the brain. These stressors include, but are not exclusively limited to, hydrostatic and thermal stress, hypoxia, nutritional supplementation and cognitive loading, and are effective by targeting specific pathways that collectively contribute towards improved brain structure and function.The prevalence of cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases (e.g. stroke and dementia) is increasing. Numerous studies show that regular exercise has beneficial effects on brain health in clinical and non-clinical populations, yet adherence to public health exercise guidelines is notoriously poor. Recently, novel exercise strategies have been investigated to allow for more individualized and prescriptive approaches that target the key mechanistic pathways that allow exercise to mediate adaptation.

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CrossTalk opposing view: High intensity interval training does not have a role in risk reduction or treatment of disease

Cited by 20 publications

References 31 publications

A comparison of the health benefits of reduced-exertion high-intensity interval training (REHIT) and moderate-intensity walking in type 2 diabetes patients

A comparison of the health benefits of reduced-exertion high-intensity interval training (REHIT) and moderate-intensity walking in type 2 diabetes patients

Physical Activity/Exercise and Diabetes: A Position Statement of the American Diabetes Association

Brain train to combat brain drain; focus on exercise strategies that optimize neuroprotection

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