Crown branching and cropping potential in strawberry (<i>Fragaria</i><i>ananassa</i>Duch.) can be enhanced by daylength treatments

Hytönen, Timo; Palonen, Pauliina; Mouhu, Katriina; Junttila, Olavi

doi:10.1080/14620316.2004.11511791

Cited by 51 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Earlier studies have shown that photoperiod acts in an opposite manner to control flower initiation and vegetative reproduction through stolons (Hytönen et al, 2004;Heide and Sønsteby, 2007). The finding that neither overexpression nor silencing of FvTFL1 affected the photoperiodic control of stolon/branch crown formation from axillary buds showed that FvTFL1 is not directly involved in the regulation of vegetative development of the strawberry shoot.…”

Section: Tfl1 Homologs Are Major Floral Repressors In Rosaceaementioning

confidence: 73%

“…Whereas FvTFL1 was down-regulated and FvAP1/FUL was upregulated in the apex of the primary shoot under SD, subsequent LD conditions restored high FvTFL1 and low FvAP1/FUL mRNA levels in the apices of new vegetative axillary shoots. Earlier studies have shown that strawberries are able to initiate flowers at the apex of the primary shoot and axillary shoots, which have reached competence to flower (Arney, 1953;Hytönen et al, 2004;Hytönen and Elomaa, 2011). Therefore, we hypothesize that the down-regulation of FvTFL1 under SD in the autumn allows flower induction to occur in the apex of the primary shoot and older axillary shoots.…”

Section: Regulation Of Fvtfl1 Mrna Expression Controls Photoperiodic mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…axillary leaf rosettes; Hytönen et al, 2004Hytönen et al, , 2009Heide and Sønsteby, 2007). We analyzed the role of FvTFL1 in the control of vegetative development by using transgenic lines in a SD F. vesca background.…”

Section: Fvtfl1 Is Not Involved In the Photoperiodic Control Of Vegetmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mutation inTERMINAL FLOWER1Reverses the Photoperiodic Requirement for Flowering in the Wild StrawberryFragaria vesca

et al. 2012

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Photoperiodic flowering has been extensively studied in the annual short-day and long-day plants rice (Oryza sativa) and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), whereas less is known about the control of flowering in perennials. In the perennial wild strawberry, Fragaria vesca (Rosaceae), short-day and perpetual flowering long-day accessions occur. Genetic analyses showed that differences in their flowering responses are caused by a single gene, SEASONAL FLOWERING LOCUS, which may encode the F. vesca homolog of TERMINAL FLOWER1 (FvTFL1). We show through high-resolution mapping and transgenic approaches that FvTFL1 is the basis of this change in flowering behavior and demonstrate that FvTFL1 acts as a photoperiodically regulated repressor. In short-day F. vesca, long photoperiods activate FvTFL1 mRNA expression and short days suppress it, promoting flower induction. These seasonal cycles in FvTFL1 mRNA level confer seasonal cycling of vegetative and reproductive development. Mutations in FvTFL1 prevent long-day suppression of flowering, and the early flowering that then occurs under long days is dependent on the F. vesca homolog of FLOWERING LOCUS T. This photoperiodic response mechanism differs from those described in model annual plants. We suggest that this mechanism controls flowering within the perennial growth cycle in F. vesca and demonstrate that a change in a single gene reverses the photoperiodic requirements for flowering.

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Section: Tfl1 Homologs Are Major Floral Repressors In Rosaceaementioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Regulation Of Fvtfl1 Mrna Expression Controls Photoperiodic mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mutation inTERMINAL FLOWER1Reverses the Photoperiodic Requirement for Flowering in the Wild StrawberryFragaria vesca

et al. 2012

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“…Most accessions of strawberry and cultivars of the garden strawberry (Fragaria 3 ananassa) are seasonal flowering short-day (SD) plants (Heide, 1977;Heide and Sønsteby, 2007). During the vegetative phase under long days (LDs), strawberries spread clonally through aboveground stolons called runners, which are formed from the axillary buds of the rosette stem, called the crown (Figure 1; Konsin et al, 2001;Hytönen et al, 2004;Heide and Sønsteby, 2007), and consist of two long internodes followed by a daughter plant. Under SDs in the autumn, runner formation ceases and the uppermost axillary buds differentiate to axillary leaf rosettes called branch crowns (Figure 1; Konsin et al, 2001;Hytönen et al, 2004), and vegetative growth is reduced as characterized by decreased petiole elongation (Guttridge and Thompson, 1964;Wiseman and Turnbull, 1999;Konsin et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the vegetative phase under long days (LDs), strawberries spread clonally through aboveground stolons called runners, which are formed from the axillary buds of the rosette stem, called the crown (Figure 1; Konsin et al, 2001;Hytönen et al, 2004;Heide and Sønsteby, 2007), and consist of two long internodes followed by a daughter plant. Under SDs in the autumn, runner formation ceases and the uppermost axillary buds differentiate to axillary leaf rosettes called branch crowns (Figure 1; Konsin et al, 2001;Hytönen et al, 2004), and vegetative growth is reduced as characterized by decreased petiole elongation (Guttridge and Thompson, 1964;Wiseman and Turnbull, 1999;Konsin et al, 2001). At the same time, SDs activate flower initiation in the shoot apex of the main crown as well as in branch crowns that have become competent for floral development before or during the inductive SDs ( Figure 1; Hytönen et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TheFragaria vescaHomolog of SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1 Represses Flowering and Promotes Vegetative Growth

et al. 2013

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In the annual long-day plant Arabidopsis thaliana, SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1 (SOC1) integrates endogenous and environmental signals to promote flowering. We analyzed the function and regulation of the SOC1 homolog (Fragaria vesca [Fv] SOC1) in the perennial short-day plant woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca). We found that Fv SOC1 overexpression represses flower initiation under inductive short days, whereas its silencing causes continuous flowering in both short days and noninductive long days, similar to mutants in the floral repressor Fv TERMINAL FLOWER1 (Fv TFL1). Molecular analysis of these transgenic lines revealed that Fv SOC1 activates Fv TFL1 in the shoot apex, leading to the repression of flowering in strawberry. In parallel, Fv SOC1 regulates the differentiation of axillary buds to runners or axillary leaf rosettes, probably through the activation of gibberellin biosynthetic genes. We also demonstrated that Fv SOC1 is regulated by photoperiod and Fv FLOWERING LOCUS T1, suggesting that it plays a central role in the photoperiodic control of both generative and vegetative growth in strawberry. In conclusion, we propose that Fv SOC1 is a signaling hub that regulates yearly cycles of vegetative and generative development through separate genetic pathways.

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The Genomes of Rosaceous Berries and Their Wild Relatives

Harrison¹,

Hytönen²,

Graham

2018

Compendium of Plant Genomes

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Strawberries (Fragaria sp.) are small perennial plants capable of both sexual reproduction through seeds and clonal reproduction via runners. Because vegetative and generative developmental programs are tightly connected, the control of flowering is presented here in the context of the yearly growth cycle. The rosette crown of strawberry consists of a stem with short internodes produced from the apical meristem. Each node harbors one trifoliate leaf and an axillary bud. The fate of axillary buds is dictated by environmental conditions; high temperatures and long days (LDs) promote axillary bud development into runners, whereas cool temperature and short days (SDs) favor the formation of branch crowns. SDs and cool temperature also promote flowering; under these conditions, the main shoot apical meristem is converted into a terminal inflorescence, and vegetative growth is continued from the uppermost axillary branch crown. The environmental factors that regulate vegetative and generative development in strawberries have been reasonably well characterised, and are reviewed in the first two chapters. The genetic basis of the physiological responses in strawberries is much less clear. To provide a point of reference for the flowering pathways described in strawberries so far, a short review on the molecular mechanisms controlling flowering in the model plant Arabidopsis is given. The last two chapters will then describe the current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms controlling the physiological responses in strawberries. 1.1.1 Summer Long days and high temperature during summer promote vegetative development, i.e. the differentiation of axillary buds into runners. Vegetative vigor is also manifested by increased petiole length (Sønsteby and Nes 1998; Heide and Sønsteby 2007). The wild diploid strawberry accessions studied to date stay in the vegetative stage when the daylength exceeds 16-17 hours (Heide and Sønsteby 2007). However, the studied accessions originate from Norway, where the days are very long during summer. It is quite likely that more Southern accessions continue vegetative development under shorter photoperiods.

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Crown branching and cropping potential in strawberry (FragariaananassaDuch.) can be enhanced by daylength treatments

Cited by 51 publications

References 19 publications

Mutation inTERMINAL FLOWER1Reverses the Photoperiodic Requirement for Flowering in the Wild StrawberryFragaria vesca

Mutation inTERMINAL FLOWER1Reverses the Photoperiodic Requirement for Flowering in the Wild StrawberryFragaria vesca

TheFragaria vescaHomolog of SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1 Represses Flowering and Promotes Vegetative Growth

The Genomes of Rosaceous Berries and Their Wild Relatives

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