Crown dynamics and wood production of Douglas-fir trees in an old-growth forest

Ishiga, Hiroaki; Sillett, Stephen C.; Carroll, Allyson L.

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2016.10.047

Cited by 19 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…The continued enhanced diameter and crown sizes of crop trees within the heavily thinned stands seemed to be maintained during the 15 years (2003 to 2018) since the last application of fertilizer. These large trees likely have considerable implications through time for development of old-growth structural attributes [42,59], as well as future wood supply and enhanced carbon storage [37,38].…”

Section: Merchantable Volumementioning

confidence: 99%

“…While trees are only one component of carbon storage, they provide 74% of all above-ground terrestrial carbon, and therefore are an important sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) [36]. Large trees that are the most prominent structural features of forests, whether old-or second-growth, are considered to be globally important carbon sinks [37,38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Twenty-Five Years after Stand Thinning and Repeated Fertilization in Lodgepole Pine Forest: Implications for Tree Growth, Stand Structure, and Carbon Sequestration

Sullivan

Sullivan²,

Lindgren³

et al. 2020

Forests

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Silvicultural practices such as pre-commercial thinning (PCT) and repeated fertilization have been used successfully around the world to increase forest biomass for conventional wood products, biofuels, and carbon sequestration. Two complementary studies were designed to test the hypotheses (H) that large-scale PCT and PCT with repeated fertilization of young (13-17 years old) lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) stands, at 25 years after the onset of treatments, would enhance (H 1 ) productivity and structural features (diameter and height growth, crown volume and dimensions) of crop trees; (H 2 ) merchantable volume of crop trees, (H 3 ) abundance of understory conifer, herb and shrub layers, and (H 4 ) carbon storage (sequestration) of all layers. Results are from two studies in south-central British Columbia, Canada. The PCT study had three densities: 500, 1000, and 2000 stems/ha, an unthinned, and old-growth stand replicated at three areas. The PCT-FERT study had four densities: 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 stems/ha with and without a repeated fertilization treatment, and an unthinned-unfertilized stand, replicated at two areas. Heavily thinned (≤1000 stems/ha) and fertilized stands generally had larger mean diameters and crown dimensions than lightly thinned or unfertilized stands, whereas mean heights of crop trees remained relatively unaffected, and hence partial support for H 1 . Despite differences in stand density (4-and 8-fold) of original crop trees, ingress of intermediate crop trees over the 25 years changed density dramatically. There was no support for H 2 , as mean merchantable volume of total crop trees was similar across stand densities owing to ingress, and was also similar in fertilized and unfertilized stands. In stands thinned to ≤500 trees/ha, there is an anticipated increase in crop tree density of 2.2 to 4.3 times over 25 years compared with the original post-thinning densities. Mean abundance of understory conifers was generally similar among stands owing to successional development towards canopy closure, whereas herbs and shrubs persisted only in canopy gaps in heavily thinned stands, thereby providing no support for H 3 . Mean carbon storage was similar across densities in both studies with ingress contributing a considerable amount to carbon sequestration at the lower densities. Fertilization increased (1.4 times) mean carbon storage significantly among total crop trees, total conifers, and the grand total of all layers, thereby providing partial support for H 4 . Thus, much of the potential above-ground carbon storage lost by thinning was restored in the heavily thinned stands at 25 years post-treatment.Forests 2020, 11, 337 2 of 23Forests 2020, 11, 337 3 of 23 Materials and Methods Experimental Design and Study AreasData from two separate long-term studies with 25-year datasets in naturally regenerated post-harvest lodgepole pine stands were used to test our study hypotheses: (1) PCT only (1988PCT only ( -2013 and (2) PCT with fertilization (PCT+FERT) . The PCT study was lo...

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Section: Merchantable Volumementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Twenty-Five Years after Stand Thinning and Repeated Fertilization in Lodgepole Pine Forest: Implications for Tree Growth, Stand Structure, and Carbon Sequestration

Sullivan

Sullivan²,

Lindgren³

et al. 2020

Forests

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show abstract

“…Estimates of crown volume and biomass are often desired for old trees for carbon accounting and growth modelling as carbon allocation shifts once trees reach old growth stages (Ishii et al, 2017;Kramer et al, 2018;Sillett et al, 2010), or for modelling the development of canopies and how this may relate to the spread of dwarf mistletoe (Robinson & Geils, 2006;Swanson et al, 2006;. Allometric models have been produced for young Tsuga heterophylla, or uninfected trees in mature and old growth forests, however ours were the first attempt to cover a gradient of dwarf mistletoe infection severity.…”

Section: Foliage Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ex D. Don) Endl., and Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carrière (Ishii et al, 2017;Kramer et al, 2018;Sillett et al, 2010;Van Pelt & Sillett, 2008;. Crown mapping produces a complete description of a tree's crown architecture and provides valuable data for analysis of crown components such as foliage and branch volumes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Transformation of western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) tree crowns by dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium tsugense, Viscaceae)

2020

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Dwarf mistletoes (Arceuthobium spp., Viscaceae) are native, flowering, hemi-parasitic plants that can severely impact host structure and function (Glatzel & Geils, 2009; Hawksworth & Wiens, 1996). Arceuthobium tsugense subsp. tsugense (Rosend.) G.N. Jones infects the crowns of its primary host Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. causing deformation to woody tissues and reductions to growth, total foliage, photosynthetic capacity and water use efficiency (Hawksworth & Wiens, 1996; Marias et al., 2014; Meinzer et al., 2004). The most severely infected trees often exhibit dead tops, an abundance of dead branches, and branches supporting several deformities and

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“…In order to study the growth and death of branches simultaneously, branches in the lower part of a crown were chosen, because branch death mainly occurs in the lower part of the crown rather than in the upper part [30][31][32]. Four primary branches were randomly chosen from each sample tree.…”

Section: Field Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of Branch Growth and Death in Crowns of Sakhalin Spruce, Picea glehnii (F. Schmidt) Mast

Chen

Sumida

2017

Forests

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Abstract:The development of crown architecture strongly affects tree growth and survival. Growth and death of primary branches (those branching off from the main stem) and secondary branches (those from a primary branch) in the lowest part of the crown were investigated for Picea glehnii in an even-aged plantation. Probability of death of a primary branch decreased as the length between its basal location and the crown base (L CB ) increased (p = 0.04), but this probability was not significantly related to the relative photosynthetic photon flux density (rPPFD) above the primary branch (p = 0.18). The probability of producing one or more current-year shoots on a primary branch increased with increasing rPPFD above the primary branch (p = 0.01); however, this probability was unrelated to L CB (p = 0.29). Secondary branches at the distal part of a primary branch produced more current-year shoots and exhibited a lower probability of death than proximal branches (p < 0.01), probably because rPPFD above the distal secondary branches was greater than the proximal branches (p < 0.01). Our results suggest that, while local light conditions are relevant to shoot production and shoot death on a primary branch, the death of an entire primary branch may be related to some morphological attributes concerning the length to the crown base.

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Crown dynamics and wood production of Douglas-fir trees in an old-growth forest

Cited by 19 publications

References 50 publications

Twenty-Five Years after Stand Thinning and Repeated Fertilization in Lodgepole Pine Forest: Implications for Tree Growth, Stand Structure, and Carbon Sequestration

Twenty-Five Years after Stand Thinning and Repeated Fertilization in Lodgepole Pine Forest: Implications for Tree Growth, Stand Structure, and Carbon Sequestration

Transformation of western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) tree crowns by dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium tsugense, Viscaceae)

Patterns of Branch Growth and Death in Crowns of Sakhalin Spruce, Picea glehnii (F. Schmidt) Mast

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