Crucibles of creativity: the geographic origins of tropical molluscan innovations

Vermeij, Geerat J.

doi:10.1007/s10682-010-9458-2

Cited by 22 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 89 publications

(77 reference statements)

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“…The poor paleontological sampling of the Indo-West Pacific relative to other regions is a significant problem for all clades throughout the Cenozoic (5,(11)(12)(13)(14), but the sampling biases run counter to several of the key results discussed here, so that our conclusions should be conservative.…”

Section: Bivalves As a Model Systemmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…The first occurrence of bivalve genera in the tropical fossil record and their subsequent expansion to higher latitudes is likely to be robust to sampling, and the numbers are conservative, because the Cenozoic tropical fossil record is severely undersampled relative to the temperate zones (5,(11)(12)(13)(14). Further, continued sampling and taxonomic standardization has not changed the OTT pattern, and the results are also robust to changes in the inclusion of clades based on their preservation potential.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Out of the tropics, but how? Fossils, bridge species, and thermal ranges in the dynamics of the marine latitudinal diversity gradient

Jablonski

Belanger

Berke

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

194

202

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Latitudinal diversity gradients are underlain by complex combinations of origination, extinction, and shifts in geographic distribution and therefore are best analyzed by integrating paleontological and neontological data. The fossil record of marine bivalves shows, in three successive late Cenozoic time slices, that most clades (operationally here, genera) tend to originate in the tropics and then expand out of the tropics (OTT) to higher latitudes while retaining their tropical presence. This OTT pattern is robust both to assumptions on the preservation potential of taxa and to taxonomic revisions of extant and fossil species. Range expansion of clades may occur via "bridge species," which violate climate-niche conservatism to bridge the tropical-temperate boundary in most OTT genera. Substantial time lags (∼5 Myr) between the origins of tropical clades and their entry into the temperate zone suggest that OTT events are rare on a per-clade basis. Clades with higher diversification rates within the tropics are the most likely to expand OTT and the most likely to produce multiple bridge species, suggesting that high speciation rates promote the OTT dynamic. Although expansion of thermal tolerances is key to the OTT dynamic, most latitudinally widespread species instead achieve their broad ranges by tracking widespread, spatially-uniform temperatures within the tropics (yielding, via the nonlinear relation between temperature and latitude, a pattern opposite to Rapoport's rule). This decoupling of range size and temperature tolerance may also explain the differing roles of species and clade ranges in buffering species from background and mass extinctions.biodiversity | biogeography | climate | macroecology | macroevolution T he latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG), meaning the decrease in the number of species and higher taxa from the equator to the poles, is as pervasive among marine organisms as it is on land (1, 2). Although the marine LDG is increasingly well documented, we are only beginning to understand the evolutionary and biogeographic dynamics of speciation, extinction, and distributional shifts that generate and maintain it. Here we evaluate these dynamics in marine bivalves, a group that not only parallels diversity patterns of the overall marine biota (1-3), but permits the integration of biogeographic, phylogenetic, and spatially explicit paleontological data (4, 5) and has thus become a model system for macroecological and macroevolutionary analysis. Extending our previous work, we show that clade origination in the tropics and range expansion out of the tropics [the OTT model (5)] are major factors in the origin and maintenance of the bivalve LDG. We reanalyze and update paleontological data on the OTT dynamic and present evidence that at least some bridge species, whose ranges cross the tropical/extratropical boundary, are important in the expansion of lineages along the LDG. Although bridge species violate niche conservatism with their expanded thermal ranges, we find that species with narrow th...

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Section: Bivalves As a Model Systemmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Out of the tropics, but how? Fossils, bridge species, and thermal ranges in the dynamics of the marine latitudinal diversity gradient

Jablonski

Belanger

Berke

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

194

202

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“…The scope of adaptation is greater in warm than in cold environments (Vermeij , , ). Higher temperatures shift the economy of ecological systems to a faster tempo, driving higher metabolic rates and enabling predator and prey species to lead more energetic lives, which facilitates more frequent encounters (Pianka , Vermeij , , Schemske et al ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomy of a cline: dissecting anti‐predatory adaptations in a marine gastropod along the U.S. Atlantic coast

2017

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The scope of anti‐predatory adaptation is expected to be greater in warm than in cold environments. High temperatures lower the costs associated with the production and maintenance of energetically expensive traits and enable ecological interactions to intensify. We tested this hypothesis by characterizing the expression of anti‐predatory morphology within a marine gastropod species (the knobbed whelk Busycon carica) over a large (> 1400 km) geographic area that spans more than 10°C annual temperature variation. We also conducted experimental predation studies with a powerful durophagous predator, the stone crab Menippe, to verify the anti‐predatory advantages of a heavily ornamented shell morphology (e.g. increased thickness, pronounced spines), and we used repair scar data to assess clinal variation in selective pressure from predators. We predicted that repair scar rates would be greatest in warm southernmost latitudes, and that expression of energetically costly anti‐predatory morphology would peak in concert with elevated predation pressures. Experiments confirmed that whelks with energetically costly, heavily ornamented shells had higher survivorship rates than those with weakly ornamented shells. As predicted, we also found that the expression of anti‐predatory traits was greatest in the southern part of B. carica's range. After standardizing shells for size, shape, and exposure time to enemies, repair scar rates also peaked to the south. Taken together, these results suggest that the expression of anti‐predatory traits along the geographic cline is governed by the interaction of two selective factors: temperature and predation, with the former acting as the ultimate control on the scope of adaptation both by escalating predation pressure in the southern part of B. carica's range and by physically limiting (to the north) and facilitating (to the south) the production of anti‐predatory traits. Feedbacks between temperature and predation thus causally interact to enable and drive, respectively, the observed geographic cline in energy‐intensive anti‐predatory shell traits.

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“…Highly productive and environmentally permissive environments have been linked to the evolution of morphological novelties in gastropods (Vermeij, 2012); for example, the labral tooth (Vermeij, 2001(Vermeij, , 2002, shell envelopment (Vermeij, 2006), and the development of a siphonal canal (Vermeij, 2007). Such environmental conditions may facilitate the origin and spread of adaptations both by providing the raw material (e.g.…”

Section: Morphological Innovations In Preymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The south-eastern coast of North America during the Pliocene was characterized by an abundant and diverse molluscan fauna (Allmon et al, 1993(Allmon et al, , 1996a, and probably by higher levels of primary productivity than exist at present (Allmon et al, 1996b;Allmon, 2001) that resulted from high seasonal upwelling and/or terrestrial run-off (Jones & Allmon, 1995;Tao & Grossman, 2010). Highly productive and environmentally permissive environments have been linked to the evolution of morphological novelties in gastropods (Vermeij, 2012); for example, the labral tooth (Vermeij, 2001(Vermeij, , 2002, shell envelopment (Vermeij, 2006), and the development of a siphonal canal (Vermeij, 2007). Such environmental conditions may facilitate the origin and spread of adaptations both by providing the raw material (e.g.…”

Section: Morphological Innovations In Preymentioning

confidence: 99%

Macroecology and evolution of a crab ‘super predator’,Menippe mercenaria(Menippidae), and its gastropod prey

Kosloski

Allmon

2015

Biol. J. Linn. Soc.

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It is widely accepted that the fossil record shows both the evolution of more powerful durophagous marine predators through time and, in response, major shifts in life mode and morphology for many prey taxa. Few fossil studies, however, have successfully identified particular predator species with respect to causing evolutionary change in particular prey species. We present evidence that the evolutionary appearance in the western Atlantic of the stone crab, Menippe mercenaria, an extraordinarily powerful durophagous predator, contributed to the appearance of sinistrality, which is very rare, in two genera of marine gastropods (Conus and Sinistrofulgur) during the Pliocene. Based on this conclusion, we suggest that modern fishing pressure on stone crabs may lead to evolutionary changes in their present day prey.

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Crucibles of creativity: the geographic origins of tropical molluscan innovations

Cited by 22 publications

References 89 publications

Out of the tropics, but how? Fossils, bridge species, and thermal ranges in the dynamics of the marine latitudinal diversity gradient

Out of the tropics, but how? Fossils, bridge species, and thermal ranges in the dynamics of the marine latitudinal diversity gradient

Anatomy of a cline: dissecting anti‐predatory adaptations in a marine gastropod along the U.S. Atlantic coast

Macroecology and evolution of a crab ‘super predator’,Menippe mercenaria(Menippidae), and its gastropod prey

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