Crude Bioethanol Reforming Process

Catalytic Steam Reforming of Ethanol to Produce Hydrogen: Modern and Efficient Catalyst Modification Strategies

“…For acid-treated Ni catalyst the conversion of ethanol was complete regardless of the amount of water initially added, and no intermediates, such as acetaldehyde and acetic acid, were found. [173] On the other hand, with an increase in the water-to-ethanol ratio, the yield of hydrogen improved considerably, the concentration of CO 2 in the exit gas stream increased somewhat, but the generation of the byproducts, CO and CH 4 , reduced. The reverse shift reaction was suppressed by larger water: ethanol ratios, which promoted the reforming reaction.…”

“…In the reaction mixture of SRE, increasing the molar ratio of water: ethanol leads to reducing carbon deposit formation by better gasification during the carbon reaction, [173] and improving hydrogen yield [174] . The effect of water‐to‐ethanol molar feed ratio of 3 : 1, 6 : 1, 9 : 1, 12 : 1, and 15 : 1 was studied for catalyst with 2.5 wt% Mn at a reaction temperature of 320 °C maintaining W/F C 2 H 5 OH constant at 0.9 h. The conversion of ethanol increased from 46 to 52 % having identical product distribution as the water‐to‐ethanol molar feed ratio was increased from 3 : 1 to 15 : 114.…”

Synthesis, characteristic and application of mesocellular foam carbon (MCF-C) as catalyst for dehydrogenation of ethanol

“…Ethanol is one of the renewable energy sources, which can be easily produced by fermentation of biomass such as sugarcane, corn, wheat, cassava, etc. However, in the unavailability of biomass resources, ethanol can be produced by catalytic hydration of ethylene via petrochemical process [23][24][25]. Ethanol has been widely studied for decades as a potential raw material for production of other value-added chemicals such as ethylene, diethyl ether, acetaldehyde and ethyl acetate [26,27].…”

“…To identify the changes in chemical functional groups, FT-IR technique was employed on MCF-C, MCF-C SP300, MCF-C SP350, and MCF-C SP 400 as seen in Figure 5.16. The IR spectrum of fresh MCF-C catalyst was well accorded with that reported in the literature [12], having eight IR active elementary bands encountered at 759 cm -1 (C-H vibrations), 1020 cm -1 (C-H vibrations), 1239 cm -1 (O-H blending), 1550 cm -1 (C=C stretching vibrations), 1755 cm -1 (C=O stretching vibrations), 2040 cm -1 (C=C stretching vibrations), 2150 cm -1 (C≡ C stretching vibrations), and 2970 cm -1 (aliphatic C-H) [11,[24][25][26]. For all the spent catalysts, the peaks in the region of 750-800 cm -1 (C-H vibrations) was observed suggesting coke formation, especially in the MCF-C SP300 catalyst.…”

“…The evidence suggested that higher ratio of swelling agent to surfactant was respected to the higher pore size, which exhibited better separation capability than a commercial silica. Therefore, the choice of different ratios of swelling agent to surfactant is superiorly interesting to apply as the catalysts, which can be capably controlled the pore structure and specific area in order to facilitate higher diffusion of reactant and catalytic activity [24,25]. For instance, Li et al [26] investigated the preparation of highly active Cu-Ce catalysts with different magnitude of pore size, which were used for CO oxidation reaction.…”