Crude Citric Acid of Trichoderma asperellum: Tomato Growth Promotor and Suppressor of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici

Abstract

Presently, the bioprocessing of agricultural residues to various bioactive compounds is of great concern, with the potential to be used as plant growth promoters and as a reductive of various diseases. Lycopersiconesculentum, one of the most consumed crops in the human diet, is attacked by Fusarium wilt disease, so the main aim is to biocontrol the pathogen. Several fungal species were isolated from decayed maize stover (MS). Trichodermaasperellum was chosen based on its organic acid productivity and was molecularly identified (GenBank accession number is MW195019). Citric acid (CA) was the major detected organic acid by HPLC. In vitro, CA of T.asperellum at 75% completely repressed the growth of Fusariumoxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL). In vivo, soaking tomato seeds in CA enhanced the seed germination and vigor index. T. asperellum and/or its CA suppressed the wilt disease caused by FOL compared to control. There was a proportional increment of plant growth and yield, as well as improvements in the biochemical parameters (chlorophyll pigments, total phenolic contents and peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase activities), suggesting targeting both the bioconversion of MS into CA and biological control of FOL.

An innovative green synthesis approach of chitosan nanoparticles and their inhibitory activity against phytopathogenic Botrytis cinerea on strawberry leaves

“…The ITS region is usually used and can be adequate for fungal identification at the species level. The ITS region is also contemplated among the markers with the fastest and uppermost probability of precise identifications for a very broad group of fungi 45 . Interestingly, the culture morphology, SEM investigation, and molecular identification computably confirmed the fungus to be B. cinerea SIB-1.…”

Combined Use of Two Trichoderma Strains to Promote Growth of Pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.)

“…Meanwhile, Trichoderma can also improve tolerance to biotic or abiotic stresses. Inoculating Trichoderma can effectively control plant diseases caused by Botrytis cinerea [9], Fusarium oxysporum [10], Colletotrichum gloeosporioides [11] and other pathogens. Trichoderma also protects plants against drought stress [12] and heavy metal (Pb and Cd) stress [13].…”

Definitive Screening Design and Artificial Neural Network for Modeling a Rapid Biodegradation of Date Palm Fronds by a New Trichoderma sp. PWN6 into Citric Acid

“…The main reason for supporting the fermentation medium with such TCP was to induce fungi to produce OA, which mainly occurs at a low level and complex form of phosphate supply. The capacity to solubilize complex phosphates is mainly attributed to the synthesis of OA, which is produced through cellulose decomposition [ 9 ]. The solubilization process takes place by the microorganism to liberate phosphorus, which is reused for the various metabolic process, including cell growth and generation of cell energy; this process is accompanied by a significant gradual reduction in pH of the resulted filtrate and is also positively correlated with the release of OA [ 26 ].…”

“…Owing to their functional group, organic acids are exceptionally useful in diverse fields such as agricultural, pharmaceutical, food preservatives, pH adjusters, sweetness enhancers, leavening agents, and stabilizers [ 7 , 8 , 9 ]. Organic acids are important weak acid molecules that can be classified into two groups: the first has a long biosynthetic pathway, and the second has a short pathway; both groups are delivered from glucose [ 10 ].…”