Crustacean shellfish allergens: influence of food processing and their detection strategies

Understanding the Mechanism of Increased IgG/IgE Reactivity but Decreased Immunodetection Recovery in Thermally Induced Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Tropomyosin via Multispectroscopic and Molecular Dynamics Simulation Techniques

“…Similarly, a significant reduction in TM recovery (48.48–90.44%) also was observed in the investigation of various cooked shrimps (Litopenaeus vannamei) . The obvious underestimation in TM immunodetection recovery due to heating treatments was primarily attributed to the structural alterations and epitope masking. , It is noteworthy that the rTM recovery displayed a significantly lower recovery of TM than nTM under various heating conditions, which further confirmed that structural alterations could induce obvious underestimation in immunodetection recovery of TM.…”

“…To comply with labeling guidelines and safeguard the health of food-allergic consumers, sELISA is most commonly used as a simple, high-throughput, low-cost, highly sensitive, and specific technique for analyzing allergens in foods. , Heat treatments resulted in a considerably lower recovery of TM according to sELISA analysis, and the maximal underestimation recovery was observed in autoclaved TM with 39.2 and 74.8% reduction in PcAb sELISA tests and 50.1 and 91.6% reduction in mAb sELISA tests when compared to raw TM (Figure ). Similarly, a significant reduction in TM recovery (48.48–90.44%) also was observed in the investigation of various cooked shrimps (Litopenaeus vannamei) .…”

“…A certain number of capture antibodies are first coated in the microtiter plates for capturing the target analyte, and then another HRP-labeled detection antibody was put in to develop the antibody–antigen–antibody complex. The chance of antibody–antigen–antibody complex production will considerably be suppressed as a result of fewer IgG-binding sites of allergens and ultimately cause a significant underestimation of TM recovery. , It is worth noting that the immunodetection recovery of rTM displayed a significantly lower level compared to the nTM, which is primarily responsible for the less percentage of α-helix structures with more curled or folded conformation in rTM. A significant role for antigen-binding sites in sandwich immunodetection could be proved from the above results.…”

“…7,8 To detect crustacean residues, although numerous highly sensitive methods have been developed, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), 9,10 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, 11,12 and liquid chromatography−mass spectrometry (LC−MS), 13,14 a protein-based immunorecognition method, the ELISA is the most heavily used technique for allergen quantification because of its simplicity, high-throughput detection capabilities, low cost, high sensitivity, and specificity. 6,15 In ELISA tests, specific and high-affinity antibodies are applied to detect biomarkers present in finished food that indicate the presence of offending ingredients. However, although stable allergens are frequently used as targets for immunodetection, unlike native protein targets, one of the major drawbacks of ELISA is the poorer recovery in detecting denatured proteins since they undergo structural changes during processing.…”

“…Accurate food labeling information is urgently needed so that allergy sufferers can assess the potential health risks of food products and avoid them on a dietary basis . Additionally, as the group of the “big eight” foods, crustaceans are required to be declared and highlighted on food packaging to alert the consumer of their presence in a food product by the Codex Alimentarius (Food Code), United States (Food Allergen Labelling & Consumer Protection Act of 2004, FALCPA), and European Union (Regulation EU1169/2011). , To detect crustacean residues, although numerous highly sensitive methods have been developed, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), , polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, , and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS), , a protein-based immunorecognition method, the ELISA is the most heavily used technique for allergen quantification because of its simplicity, high-throughput detection capabilities, low cost, high sensitivity, and specificity. , In ELISA tests, specific and high-affinity antibodies are applied to detect biomarkers present in finished food that indicate the presence of offending ingredients. However, although stable allergens are frequently used as targets for immunodetection, unlike native protein targets, one of the major drawbacks of ELISA is the poorer recovery in detecting denatured proteins since they undergo structural changes during processing. , …”