Crustal deformation in the northern Andes – A new GPS velocity field

Mora‐Páez, Héctor; Kellogg, James N.; Freymueller, J. T.; Mencin, D.; Fernandes, Rui; Diederix, Hans; Femina, P. C. La; Cardona‐Piedrahita, Leonardo; Lizarazo, Sindy Carolina; Peláez-Gaviria, Juan Ramón; Díaz-Mila, Fredy; Bohorquez-Orozco, O. P.; Giraldo-Londoño, Leidy; Corchuelo‐Cuervo, Yuli

doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2018.11.002

Cited by 90 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…A Black box encloses the study area, which is presented in detail in Figure 2. Plate motion vectors are relative to stable South America (Mora-Paez et al, 2019;Trenkamp et al, 2002 combination of different processes along the continental margin, including subduction, accretion, and collision, has built the cordilleran system of Colombia. The three main mountain ranges in the Colombian Andes are roughly delimited by major fault systems and sutures that define a complex configuration of exotic accreted terranes in the continental margin of northwestern South America (Cediel et al, 2003;Hincapié-Gómez et al, 2018;Restrepo & Toussaint, 1988).…”

Section: Tectonic Setting Of the Ec And Geology Of The Paipa-iza Volcmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Black box encloses the study area, which is presented in detail in Figure2. Plate motion vectors are relative to stable South America(Mora-Paez et al, 2019;Trenkamp et al, 2002). NAB = North Andes Block; EC = Eastern Cordillera; CC = Central Cordillera; WC = Western Cordillera; ECT = Ecuador-Colombia Trench; NPDB = North Panama Deforming Belt; SCDB = South Caribbean Deformed Belt; OF = Oca Fault; SMBF = Santa Marta-Bucaramanga Fault; BF = Boconó Bault; RFS = Romeral Fault Zone; LFS = Llanos Fault System; LLB = Llanos Basin; MB = Magdalena Basin; UF = Uramita Fault.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Deep Crustal Faults, Shear Zones, and Magmatism in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia: Growth of a Plateau From Teleseismic Receiver Function and Geochemical Mio‐Pliocene Volcanism Constraints

et al. 2019

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The Eastern Cordillera of Colombia, in the northern Andes, is an example of an orogen in which Mesozoic basins were compressed during the Cenozoic, forming a ~2,500‐m‐high plateau in its northern portion. Significant shortening and crustal thickening have contributed to the construction of the present topography and elevation. In this contribution, we combine the use of teleseismic receiver functions, Hf isotopes, whole‐rock geochemistry, and U‐Pb dating to help elucidate the main mechanisms that played a role in the crustal thickening and uplift of the cordillera. Receiver functions calculated for three stations on top of the plateau are consistent with the presence of thrusts that converge into major crustal interfaces at upper‐middle crustal depths; they also suggest the existence of two crustal anisotropic layers beneath the western flank of the cordillera, which we interpret to have formed as a result of shearing. In the northern portion of the plateau, in the area where two Mio‐Pliocene volcanic domes and their related deposits outcrop, a lower crustal high seismic velocity layer is suggested by the receiver functions; we propose magmatic underplating for the origin of this layer. The geochemical characteristics of the volcanic rocks in the area are consistent with partial melt in a mantle influenced by slab‐related fluids; this magma could have been added to the crust and portions of it ascended and reached the surface, experiencing assimilation and differentiation during the process. We hypothesize that this Mio‐Pliocene volcanism was related to flattening of the Nazca subducting slab.

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Section: Tectonic Setting Of the Ec And Geology Of The Paipa-iza Volcmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep Crustal Faults, Shear Zones, and Magmatism in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia: Growth of a Plateau From Teleseismic Receiver Function and Geochemical Mio‐Pliocene Volcanism Constraints

et al. 2019

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“…Both the 1797 and 1949 earthquakes occurred along the Chingual-Cosanga-Pallatanga-Puna fault system (hereafter referred to as the CCPP) delimiting the eastern boundary of the North Andean Sliver, a continental domain moving northeastward at 8 10 mmyr-1 with respect to the stable part of the South America Plate (Pennington 1981;Nocquet et al 2014;Alvarado et al 2016;Yepes et al 2016;Mora-Paez et al 2019). Although crustal faults bounding the North Andean Sliver show the fastest slip rates in Ecuador (Dumont et al 2006;Tibaldi et al 2007;Nocquet et al 2014 The continuous red line indicates the CCPP (Chingual-Cosanga-Pallatanga-Puna') fault system (after Alvarado et al 2016), delimiting the eastern boundary of the North Andean Sliver (NAS).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geodetic evidence for shallow creep along the Quito fault, Ecuador

Mariniere

Nocquet

Beauval

et al. 2019

Geophysical Journal International

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SUMMARY Quito, the capital city of Ecuador hosting ∼2 million inhabitants, lies on the hanging wall of a ∼60-km-long reverse fault offsetting the Inter-Andean Valley in the northern Andes. Such an active fault poses a significant risk, enhanced by the high density of population and overall poor building construction quality. Here, we constrain the present-day strain accumulation associated with the Quito fault with new Global Positioning System (GPS) data and Persistent Scatterer Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PS-InSAR) analysis. Far field GPS data indicate 3–5 mm yr–1 of horizontal shortening accommodated across the fault system. In the central segment of the fault, both GPS and PS-InSAR results highlight a sharp velocity gradient, which attests for creep taking place along the shallowest portion of the fault. Smoother velocity gradients observed along the other segments indicate that the amount of shallow creep decreases north and south of the central segment. 2-D elastic models using GPS horizontal velocity indicate very shallow (<1 km) locking depth for the central segment, increasing to a few kilometres south and north of it. Including InSAR results in the inversion requires locking to vary both along dip and along strike. 3-D spatially variable locking models show that shallow creep occurs along the central 20-km-long segment. North and south of the central segment, the interseismic coupling is less resolved, and data still allows significant slip deficit to accumulate. Using the interseismic moment deficit buildup resulting from our inversions and the seismicity rate, we estimate recurrence time for magnitude 6.5 + earthquake to be between 200 and 1200 yr. Finally, PS-InSAR time-series identify a 2 cm transient deformation that occurred on a secondary thrust, east of the main Quito fault between 1995 and 1997.

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“…La subducción de la Placa de Nazca provoca actualmente vectores de desplazamiento al NEE (Trenkamp et al, 2002;Mora-Páez et al, 2019), que a su vez inducen un movimiento dextral en las fallas que limitan la Cordillera Oriental al sur de los 4º latitud norte (Ego et al, 1996), como por ejemplo el Sistema de Fallas de Algeciras al suroeste de Colombia (Velandia et al, 2005). Por otro lado, la interacción con la Placa Caribe ha sido documentada en varios trabajos regionales (e.g.…”

Section: Marco Geológico Tectónicaunclassified

“…Por otro lado, la interacción con la Placa Caribe ha sido documentada en varios trabajos regionales (e.g. Toto y Kellogg, 1992;Taboada et al, 2000;Trenkamp et al, 2002;Prieto et al, 2012;Bernal-Olaya et al, 2015;Mora-Páez et al, 2019;Restrepo-Moreno et al, 2019) como una gran zona de cizalla al norte de Suramérica, indicando subducción oblicua y subhorizontal (ángulo de 4-8°) desde el Mioceno medio hasta la actualidad, con una baja tasa de convergencia (2 cm/año) y en dirección WNW-ESE (FIGURA 1).…”

Section: Marco Geológico Tectónicaunclassified

Análisis de deformación al occidente del Anticlinorio de Los Yariguíes - Cordillera Oriental de Colombia

Cetina

Velandia

Patiño-Sanabria

2019

revbol

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El método aplicado en el presente artículo para el análisis de deformación está basado en la evolución de pliegues según inclinación de estratos y en el tratamiento de planos con estrías de falla. El estudio se realizó en el flanco que comparten el Anticlinorio de Los Yariguíes (al oriente) y el Sinclinal de Nuevo Mundo (al occidente), estructuras representativas al NW de la Cordillera Oriental de Colombia. Los datos se sometieron a un análisis mecánico de generación de fracturas según los principios de Anderson y Mohr y se aplicó la técnica de rotación de estratos a los planos con estrías de falla que no cumplieran con presunciones mecánicas. Los resultados del análisis estructural permiten soportar la deformación progresiva que se presenta en la zona con la observación de tres etapas asociadas con distintas condiciones tectónicas. La etapa uno corresponde a distensión-transtensión, con una dirección de máxima extensión de 126° (NW-SE) asociada al inicio de la acreción de la Cordillera Occidental al final del Mesozoico. La etapa dos se asocia a deformación por compresión-transpresión en el Paleoceno, la cual presenta un tensor de máximo acortamiento en azimut de 30° (NNE-SSW). Finalmente, la etapa tres corresponde al levantamiento de la Cordillera Oriental en el Oligoceno tardío-Mioceno, asociado a un tensor de acortamiento en dirección 118° (NWW-SEE), posiblemente relacionado al inicio de la acreción del bloque Chocó-Panamá. Por otra parte, se establece un estilo estructural con fallas de mayor ángulo que cortan las unidades del Jurásico y de piel delgada que afecta la secuencia cretácica. La zona también está afectada por fallas de rumbo transversales que desplazan levemente las estructuras longitudinales en sentido dextral y dividen el flanco occidental del Anticlinorio de Los Yariguíes, manifestando una deformación diferencial.

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Crustal deformation in the northern Andes – A new GPS velocity field

Cited by 90 publications

References 60 publications

Deep Crustal Faults, Shear Zones, and Magmatism in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia: Growth of a Plateau From Teleseismic Receiver Function and Geochemical Mio‐Pliocene Volcanism Constraints

Deep Crustal Faults, Shear Zones, and Magmatism in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia: Growth of a Plateau From Teleseismic Receiver Function and Geochemical Mio‐Pliocene Volcanism Constraints

Geodetic evidence for shallow creep along the Quito fault, Ecuador

Análisis de deformación al occidente del Anticlinorio de Los Yariguíes - Cordillera Oriental de Colombia

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