Deep Crustal Faults, Shear Zones, and Magmatism in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia: Growth of a Plateau From Teleseismic Receiver Function and Geochemical Mio‐Pliocene Volcanism Constraints

Monsalve, Gaspar; Jaramillo, J. S.; Cardona, A.; Schulte-Pelkum, V.; Posada, Gustavo; Valencia, Víctor A.; Poveda, Esteban

doi:10.1029/2019jb017835

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Such a feature is only observed in this part of the EC. These LVL might correspond to partial melts accumulating either along mid-crustal detachment faults, or in magma chambers under the Paipa-Iza volcanic complex, as has been suggested in previous studies (e.g., Bernet et al, 2016;Monsalve et al, 2019;Poveda et al, 2018). The presence of magma at crustal depths is consistent with the slow S-wave velocities (Poveda et al, 2018), high Vp/Vs ratios (Poveda et al, 2015), and high Lg attenuation (Ojeda & Ottemoller, 2002) found for this area.…”

Section: Eastern Cordillerasupporting

confidence: 87%

Lithospheric and Slab Configurations From Receiver Function Imaging in Northwestern South America, Colombia

2022

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The northwestern corner of South America presents a highly complex geodynamical setting including the convergence between South America, Nazca, and Caribbean plates; which also entails heterogeneity and complexity in the lithospheric structure. Here, we present depth‐migrated common‐conversion point (CCP) teleseismic receiver function profiles carried out using seismological data between 2011 and 2020 from the Colombian Geological Service, combined with some stations of observatories and international networks. These profiles provide better constraints on the lateral interpretation of the main lithospheric discontinuities in this region. We provide an updated crustal thickness map displaying some differences from previous studies, especially in the northernmost part of the cordilleran system. Our results also show some intracrustal features such as the regional detachment surface beneath the Eastern Cordillera and the presence of deep melt reservoirs under the Central Cordillera and the Paipa‐Iza complex in the Eastern Cordillera. We also discuss the lithospheric thickness and the potential existence of a highly hydrated and serpentinized mantle wedge under the forearc over the slab segment south of the Caldas tear. Furthermore, the CCP profiles further support the subduction system segmentation under northwestern South America, with at least five slab segments, two of them overlapping between ∼5.5 and ∼8°N, three belonging to the Nazca plate, and two having a Caribbean origin. The Bucaramanga nest appears to be linked to the interaction between the two northmost slab segments, while the Cauca cluster might be related to a slab dehydration process of a highly fractured zone.

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Section: Eastern Cordillerasupporting

confidence: 87%

Lithospheric and Slab Configurations From Receiver Function Imaging in Northwestern South America, Colombia

2022

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“…Successful detections of present-day mantle plumes using P-wave and/or S-wave velocity anomalies include the work of, for example, Montelli et al (2004) and Civiero et al (2019). These results suggest that the currently active plumes are characterized by negative velocity anomalies, associated with the presence of high-temperature material.…”

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confidence: 86%

“…The northern margin of the South American plate is an active zone with two flat-slab subductions that interact at depth: the Nazca (Coiba microplate) plate from the west and the Caribbean plate from the north (some recent references include Bernal-Olaya et al, 2015;Chiarabba et al, 2015;Monsalve et al, 2019;Porritt et al, 2014;Siravo et al, 2019;Syracuse et al, 2016;Vargas and Mann, 2013;Wagner et al, 2017;Yarce et al, 2014). This complex interaction defines a poorly understood tectonic setting.…”

Section: Nazca and Caribbean Subductionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The preserved plume of the Caribbean Large Igneous Plateau revealed by 3D data-integrative models

Gómez-García¹,

Breton²,

Scheck‐Wenderoth

et al. 2021

Solid Earth

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Abstract. Remnants of the Caribbean Large Igneous Plateau (C-LIP) are found as thicker than normal oceanic crust in the Caribbean Sea that formed during rapid pulses of magmatic activity at ∼91–88 and ∼76 Ma. Strong geochemical evidence supports the hypothesis that the C-LIP formed due to melting of the plume head of the Galápagos hotspot, which interacted with the Farallon (Proto-Caribbean) plate in the eastern Pacific. Considering plate tectonics theory, it is expected that the lithospheric portion of the plume-related material migrated within the Proto-Caribbean plate in a north–north-eastward direction, developing the present-day Caribbean plate. In this research, we used 3D lithospheric-scale, data-integrative models of the current Caribbean plate setting to reveal, for the first time, the presence of positive density anomalies in the uppermost lithospheric mantle. These models are based on the integration of up-to-date geophysical datasets from the Earth's surface down to 200 km depth, which are validated using high-resolution free-air gravity measurements. Based on the gravity residuals (modelled minus observed gravity), we derive density heterogeneities both in the crystalline crust and the uppermost oceanic mantle (<50 km). Our results reveal the presence of two positive mantle density anomalies beneath the Colombian and the Venezuelan basins, interpreted as the preserved fossil plume conduits associated with the C-LIP formation. Such mantle bodies have never been identified before, but a positive density trend is also indicated by S-wave tomography, at least down to 75 km depth. The interpreted plume conduits spatially correlate with the thinner crustal regions present in both basins; therefore, we propose a modification to the commonly accepted tectonic model of the Caribbean, suggesting that the thinner domains correspond to the centres of uplift due to the inflow of the hot, buoyant plume head. Finally, using six different kinematic models, we test the hypothesis that the C-LIP originated above the Galápagos hotspot; however, misfits of up to ∼3000 km are found between the present-day hotspot location and the mantle anomalies, reconstructed back to 90 Ma. Therefore, we shed light on possible sources of error responsible for this offset and discuss two possible interpretations: (1) the Galápagos hotspot migrated (∼1200–3000 km) westward while the Caribbean plate moved to the north, or (2) the C-LIP was formed by a different plume, which – if considered fixed – would be nowadays located below the South American continent.

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“…The northern margin of the South American plate is an active zone with two flat-slab subductions which interact at depth: the Nazca (Coiba microplate) plate from the west and the Caribbean plate from the north (some recent references include: Bernal-Olaya et al, 2015;Chiarabba et al, 2015;Monsalve et al, 2019;Porritt et al, 2014;Siravo et al, 2019;Syracuse et al, 2016;Vargas and Mann, 2013;Wagner et al, 2017;Yarce et al, 2014). This complex interaction defines a poorly understood tectonic setting.…”

Section: Nazca and Caribbean Subductionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The preserved plume of the Caribbean Large Igneous Plateau revealed by 3D data-integrative models

Gómez-García¹,

Breton²,

Scheck‐Wenderoth³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract. Remnants of the Caribbean Large Igneous Plateau (CLIP) are found as thicker than normal oceanic crust in the Caribbean Sea, that formed during rapid pulses of magmatic activity at ~ 91–88 Ma and ~ 76 Ma. Strong geochemical evidence supports the hypothesis that the CLIP formed due to melting of the plume head of the Galápagos hotspot, which interacted with the Farallon (Proto-Caribbean) plate in the east Pacific. Considering the plate tectonics theory, it is expected that the lithospheric portion of the plume-related material migrated within the Proto-Caribbean plate, in a north–north-eastward direction, developing the present-day Caribbean plate. In this research, we used 3D lithospheric-scale, data-integrative models of the current Caribbean plate setting to reveal, for the first time, the presence of positive density anomalies in the uppermost lithospheric mantle. These models are based on the integration of up-to-date geophysical datasets, from the Earth’s surface down to 200 km depth, which are validated using high-resolution free-air gravity measurements. Based on the gravity residuals (modelled minus observed gravity), we derive density heterogeneities both in the crystalline crust and the uppermost oceanic mantle (

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Deep Crustal Faults, Shear Zones, and Magmatism in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia: Growth of a Plateau From Teleseismic Receiver Function and Geochemical Mio‐Pliocene Volcanism Constraints

Cited by 15 publications

References 72 publications

Lithospheric and Slab Configurations From Receiver Function Imaging in Northwestern South America, Colombia

Lithospheric and Slab Configurations From Receiver Function Imaging in Northwestern South America, Colombia

The preserved plume of the Caribbean Large Igneous Plateau revealed by 3D data-integrative models

The preserved plume of the Caribbean Large Igneous Plateau revealed by 3D data-integrative models

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