Cryogenic design of FRIB cryomodule and distribution system and the present status

Self Cite

The main helium refrigeration system at FRIB is designed for a maximum capacity of 180 g/s (30K, 1.16 bar) cold compressor return flow, 14.0 g/s of 4.5 K liquefaction load, 4.0 kW 4.5 K refrigeration load and a 20.0 kW (35 – 55 K) thermal shield load. The helium refrigeration system operates using the Ganni Floating Pressure process and can adjust to a range of variable cryogenic load conditions without any artificial loads. It is designed considering long-term 24/7 support for the loads (cryostats and superconducting magnets) maintained at 4.5 K, without the need for a complete warm-up to room temperature. A number of maintenance, repair and outage scenarios, and the corresponding stand-by operating modes for the refrigeration system with the base-line cryogenic load have been considered, tested and analysed. This paper reports an overview of these stand-by modes and the associated analysis.

Section: Testing and Analysis Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing and analysis of stand-by operating modes for FRIB helium refrigeration system

Kroll

Howard

Knudsen

et al. 2022

Self Cite

“…At FRIB and present designs, these components are actively cooled at two temperature levels, i.e. 5-8K and 40-80K [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. In some cases, this significantly complicates the overall cryogenic process scheme [15].…”

Section: Process Scheme Cavity Cooling and String Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accelerators with superconducting (sc) cavities find wide applications as "user" machines, for example, proton linacs (SNS, ESS), heavy ion linacs (FRIB, ISAC-II, Spiral-2, ISOLDE upgrade, ATLAS), linac-based Free Electron Lasers or Energy Recovery Linacs (FLASH, XFEL, Jlab-FEL/ERL, DIAMOND, SOLEIL, Taiwan Light Source, Beijing Light Source) and also several ones are considered for the future or are under constructions, e.g. Lighthouse accelerator, Netherlands, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Korea, Shanghai High Repetition Rate XFEL, China, as well as for High Energy one, like LHC [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Though all accelerators are operated at quite different operational conditions, the acceleration gradient has been permanently increased in order to accelerate beams to higher energies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of Magnet and Cavities cooling at Heavy Ion or Rare Isotopes Accelerators due to Application of sub-cooled Superfluid Helium

Putselyk¹

2022

Several modern Heavy Ion or Rare Iosotopes Accelerator uses superconducting (sc) cavities for an acceleration of the beam particles. Operation of sc magnets with higher magnetic fields and improved field gradients also leads to a better beam focusing (also called “beam optics”) and improves the overall accelerator compactness. In many accelerators, like XFEL, SNS, LCLS-II, HIE-ISOLDE, ATLAS, ISAC-II/ARIEL, SPIRAL-2, FLASH, Jlab-FEL/ERL, the operation is limited either by cooling capability of sc cavities or refrigeration capacities. In most of the cases, increasing of refrigerator capacities is a challenging task due to available free space or investments, and, therefore, improvement of cavity cooling due to increasing of a quality factor (Q 0) or heat transfer at cavity surfaces is considered. Application of a sub-cooled superfluid (sf) helium gives several advantages, like higher heat flux densities, longer time for onset of a film boiling regime and shorter recovery time, reduced Kapitza resistances, etc. In the present paper, application of sub-cooled superfluid helium for cooling of cavities with half and quarter-wave resonators, which are typically applied at Heavy Ion and Rare Isotopes Accelerators or sometimes at electron and proton ones, is considered. In order to limit the present discussion, its application to FRIB-style cryomodules is discussed in details.

“…steady-state, cool-down, warm-up, quench recovery), planning for phased installation / commissioning efforts and providing flexibility for future expansion [1]. Design of the cryogenic distribution system for the continuous-wave heavy ion beam linear accelerator at Michigan State University's Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) was performed by closely following these factors discussed above [2][3][4]. It is designed to support the cryogenic operation of forty-six (46) cryo-modules and four superconducting dipole magnets at the accelerator, as well as fourteen superconducting magnets for the experimental system (target and fragment pre-separator).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design, fabrication, and installation of the cryogenic distribution system for FRIB target and fragment pre-separator superconducting magnets

Hasan

Wright

Ganni

et al. 2022

The target and fragment pre-separator segment of the continuous wave heavy ion beam linear accelerator at FRIB consists of fourteen superconducting magnets. The cryogenic distribution system for these superconducting magnets include six cryogenic process pipes (two each for 4.5 K helium, cool-down and thermal shield) housed in an approx. 175 m long vacuum jacketed transfer line, along with associated distribution boxes, cool-down heat exchanger, utility piping (such as magnet lead flow return, purge gas etc.) and a liquid helium storage vessel for magnet quench management. Due to the physical constraints in the routing of the beam-line at this segment, designs for these magnets and the associated cryogenic distribution system are complex in nature. It poses challenges in several aspects of the design process such as, routing of the transfer line, design of piping supports and anchors, thermal shielding, mechanical flexibility etc. Design of most of the elements of the cryogenic distribution system are carried out from the ground up, and in-house at FRIB. This paper presents an overview of the process design, analysis, fabrication and installation the target and fragment pre-separator cryogenic distribution system at FRIB.